February 1, 2018 - 10-Q: Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)

Form: 10-Q

Documents

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q

(Mark One)



ý	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended December 31, 2017



¨	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission file number: 001-32312

Novelis Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)



Canada		98-0442987
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

3560 Lenox Road, Suite 2000 Atlanta, Georgia		30326
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)

Telephone: (404) 760-4000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ¨ No ý

The registrant is a voluntary filer and is not subject to the filing requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. However, the registrant has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ý No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company”, and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):



Large accelerated filer	¨		Accelerated filer	¨
Non-accelerated filer	ý	(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)	Smaller reporting company	¨
Emerging growth company	¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No ý

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

As of January 31, 2018, the registrant had 1,000 shares of common stock, no par value, outstanding. All of the registrant’s outstanding shares were held indirectly by Hindalco Industries Ltd., the registrant’s parent company.

Novelis Inc.

TABLE OF CONTENTS



PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.	Financial Statements (unaudited)	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (unaudited)	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) (unaudited)	4
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (unaudited)	5
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited)	6
	Condensed Consolidated Statement of Shareholder's Equity (Deficit) (unaudited)	7
	Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)	8
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	40
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	63
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	64

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	65
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	65
Item 6.	Exhibits	65

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements (unaudited)

Novelis Inc.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (unaudited)

(in millions)



	Three Months Ended December 31,						Nine Months Ended December 31,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Net sales	$	3,085		$	2,313		$	8,548		$	6,970
Cost of goods sold (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)	2,646			1,924			7,268			5,834
Selling, general and administrative expenses	128			103			358			303
Depreciation and amortization	86			88			267			267
Interest expense and amortization of debt issuance costs	64			67			192			231
Loss on extinguishment of debt	—			—			—			112
Research and development expenses	17			14			48			41
Gain on assets held for sale	—			—			—			(2		)
(Gain) loss on sale of a business, net	—			—			(318		)	27
Restructuring and impairment, net	25			1			33			4
Equity in net loss of non-consolidated affiliates	—			8			1			8
Other (income) expense, net	(6		)	(3		)	7			36
	2,960			2,202			7,856			6,861
Income before income taxes	125			111			692			109
Income tax provision	20			47			179			110
Net income (loss)	105			64			513			(1		)
Net (loss) income attributable to noncontrolling interests	(16		)	1			(16		)	1
Net income (loss) attributable to our common shareholder	$	121		$	63		$	529		$	(2	)

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Novelis Inc.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) (unaudited)

(in millions)



	Three Months Ended December 31,
	2017			2016
Net income	$	105		$	64
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Currency translation adjustment	58			(140		)
Net change in fair value of effective portion of cash flow hedges	(36		)	(24		)
Net change in pension and other benefits	3			26
Other comprehensive income (loss) before income tax effect	25			(138		)
Income tax benefit, net, related to items of other comprehensive income (loss)	(10		)	—
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	35			(138		)
Comprehensive income (loss)	140			(74		)
Less: Comprehensive (loss) income attributable to noncontrolling interests, net of tax	(16		)	2
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to our common shareholder	$	156		$	(76	)



	Nine Months Ended December 31,
	2017			2016
Net income (loss)	$	513		$	(1	)
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Currency translation adjustment	149			(129		)
Net change in fair value of effective portion of cash flow hedges	(33		)	(22		)
Net change in pension and other benefits	8			55
Other comprehensive income (loss) before income tax effect	124			(96		)
Income tax (benefit) provision, net, related to items of other comprehensive income	(6		)	8
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	130			(104		)
Comprehensive income (loss)	643			(105		)
Less: Comprehensive (loss) income attributable to noncontrolling interests, net of tax	(16		)	3
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to our common shareholder	$	659		$	(108	)

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Novelis Inc.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (unaudited)

(in millions, except number of shares)



	December 31, 2017			March 31, 2017
ASSETS
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	757		$	594
Accounts receivable, net
— third parties (net of uncollectible accounts of $6 as of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2017)	1,331			1,067
— related parties	253			60
Inventories	1,572			1,333
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	120			137
Fair value of derivative instruments	115			113
Assets held for sale	3			3
Total current assets	4,151			3,307
Property, plant and equipment, net	3,073			3,357
Goodwill	607			607
Intangible assets, net	420			457
Investment in and advances to non–consolidated affiliates	831			451
Deferred income tax assets	90			86
Other long–term assets
— third parties	93			94
— related parties	10			15
Total assets	$	9,275		$	8,374
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDER’S EQUITY (DEFICIT)
Current liabilities
Current portion of long–term debt	$	136		$	121
Short–term borrowings	116			294
Accounts payable
— third parties	1,909			1,722
— related parties	206			51
Fair value of derivative instruments	192			151
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	607			580
Total current liabilities	3,166			2,919
Long–term debt, net of current portion	4,352			4,437
Deferred income tax liabilities	137			98
Accrued postretirement benefits	813			799
Other long–term liabilities	241			198
Total liabilities	8,709			8,451
Commitments and contingencies
Shareholder’s equity (deficit)
Common stock, no par value; unlimited number of shares authorized; 1,000 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2017	—			—
Additional paid–in capital	1,404			1,404
Accumulated deficit	(389		)	(918		)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(415		)	(545		)
Total equity (deficit) of our common shareholder	600			(59		)
Noncontrolling interests	(34		)	(18		)
Total equity (deficit)	566			(77		)
Total liabilities and equity (deficit)	$	9,275		$	8,374

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Novelis Inc.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (unaudited)

(in millions)



	Nine Months Ended December 31,
	2017			2016
OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net income (loss)	$	513		$	(1	)
Adjustments to determine net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	267			267
Loss (gain) on unrealized derivatives and other realized derivatives in investing activities, net	4			(23		)
Gain on assets held for sale	—			(2		)
(Gain) loss on sale of business	(318		)	27
Loss on sale of assets	4			4
Impairment charges	15			—
Loss on extinguishment of debt	—			112
Deferred income taxes	41			15
Amortization of fair value adjustments, net	—			7
Equity in net loss of non-consolidated affiliates	1			8
Loss on foreign exchange remeasurement of debt	3			—
Amortization of debt issuance costs and carrying value adjustments	15			10
Other, net	(1		)	1
Changes in assets and liabilities including assets and liabilities held for sale (net of effects from divestitures):
Accounts receivable	(403		)	(108		)
Inventories	(175		)	(200		)
Accounts payable	221			59
Other current assets	24			(3		)
Other current liabilities	12			(55		)
Other noncurrent assets	(4		)	(17		)
Other noncurrent liabilities	18			50
Net cash provided by operating activities	237			151
INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Capital expenditures	(136		)	(138		)
Proceeds from sales of assets, third party, net of transaction fees and hedging	1			2
Proceeds (outflows) from the sale of a business	314			(2		)
Proceeds from investment in and advances to non-consolidated affiliates, net	9			12
Outflows from related party loans receivable, net	—			(3		)
(Outflows) proceeds from the settlement of derivative instruments, net	(18		)	7
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	170			(122		)
FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Proceeds from issuance of long-term and short-term borrowings	—			2,770
Principal payments of long-term and short-term borrowings	(138		)	(2,676		)
Revolving credit facilities and other, net	(140		)	(20		)
Debt issuance costs	(5		)	(139		)
Net cash used in financing activities	(283		)	(65		)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	124			(36		)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash	39			(15		)
Cash and cash equivalents — beginning of period	594			556
Cash and cash equivalents — end of period	$	757		$	505

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Novelis Inc.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF SHAREHOLDER'S EQUITY (DEFICIT) (unaudited)

(in millions, except number of shares)



	Equity (Deficit) of our Common Shareholder
	Common Stock			Additional Paid-in Capital		Retained Earnings/ (Accumulated Deficit)			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (AOCI)			Non- controlling Interests			Total (Deficit)/ Equity
	Shares	Amount		Additional Paid-in Capital		Retained Earnings/ (Accumulated Deficit)			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (AOCI)			Non- controlling Interests			Total (Deficit)/ Equity
Balance as of March 31, 2016	1,000	$	—	$	1,404	$	(963	)	$	(500	)	$	—		$	(59	)
Net loss attributable to our common shareholder	—	—		—		(2		)	—			—			(2		)
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	—	—		—		—			—			1			1
Currency translation adjustment included in AOCI	—	—		—		—			(129		)	—			(129		)
Change in fair value of effective portion of cash flow hedges, net of tax benefit of $8 million included in AOCI	—	—		—		—			(14		)	—			(14		)
Change in pension and other benefits, net of tax provision of $16 million included in AOCI	—	—		—		—			37			2			39
Sale of subsidiary shares to a third party	—	—		—		—			—			(22		)	(22		)
Balance as of December 31, 2016	1,000	$	—	$	1,404	$	(965	)	$	(606	)	$	(19	)	$	(186	)



	Equity (Deficit) of our Common Shareholder
	Common Stock			Additional Paid-in Capital		Retained Earnings/ (Accumulated Deficit)			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (AOCI)			Non- controlling Interests			Total (Deficit)/ Equity
	Shares	Amount		Additional Paid-in Capital		Retained Earnings/ (Accumulated Deficit)			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (AOCI)			Non- controlling Interests			Total (Deficit)/ Equity
Balance as of March 31, 2017	1,000	$	—	$	1,404	$	(918	)	$	(545	)	$	(18	)	$	(77	)
Net income attributable to our common shareholder	—	—		—		529			—			—			529
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests	—	—		—		—			—			(16		)	(16		)
Currency translation adjustment included in AOCI	—	—		—		—			149			—			149
Change in fair value of effective portion of cash flow hedges, net of tax benefit of $9 million included in AOCI	—	—		—		—			(24		)	—			(24		)
Change in pension and other benefits, net of tax provision of $3 million included in AOCI	—	—		—		—			5			—			5
Balance as of December 31, 2017	1,000	$	—	$	1,404	$	(389	)	$	(415	)	$	(34	)	$	566

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Novelis Inc.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)

1. BUSINESS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

References herein to “Novelis,” the “Company,” “we,” “our,” or “us” refer to Novelis Inc. and its subsidiaries unless the context specifically indicates otherwise. References herein to “Hindalco” refer to Hindalco Industries Limited. Hindalco acquired Novelis in May 2007. All of the common shares of Novelis are owned directly by AV Metals Inc. and indirectly by Hindalco Industries Limited.

Organization and Description of Business

We produce aluminum sheet and light gauge products for use in the packaging market, which includes beverage and food cans and foil products, as well as for use in the automotive, transportation, electronics, architectural and industrial product markets. We have recycling operations in many of our plants to recycle post-consumer aluminum, such as used beverage cans and post-industrial aluminum, such as class scrap. As of December 31, 2017, we had manufacturing operations in ten countries on four continents: North America, South America, Asia and Europe, through 24 operating facilities, including recycling operations in eleven of these plants.

The March 31, 2017 condensed consolidated balance sheet data was derived from audited financial statements, but does not include all disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (U.S. GAAP). The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year-ended March 31, 2017 filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on May 10, 2017. Management believes that all adjustments necessary for the fair statement of results, consisting of normally recurring items, have been included in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the interim periods presented.

Consolidation Policy

Our condensed consolidated financial statements include the assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses of all wholly-owned subsidiaries, majority-owned subsidiaries over which we exercise control and entities in which we have a controlling financial interest or are deemed to be the primary beneficiary. We eliminate all significant intercompany accounts and transactions from our condensed consolidated financial statements.

We use the equity method to account for our investments in entities that we do not control, but where we have the ability to exercise significant influence over operating and financial policies. Consolidated "Net income (loss) attributable to our common shareholder" includes our share of Net income (loss) of these entities. The difference between consolidation and the equity method impacts certain of our financial ratios because of the presentation of the detailed line items reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements for consolidated entities, compared to a two-line presentation of "Investment in and advances to non-consolidated affiliates" and "Equity in net loss of non-consolidated affiliates."

Use of Estimates and Assumptions

The preparation of our condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. The principal areas of judgment relate to (1) the fair value of derivative financial instruments; (2) impairment of goodwill; (3) impairment of long lived assets and other intangible assets; (4) impairment and assessment of consolidation of equity investments; (5) actuarial assumptions related to pension and other postretirement benefit plans; (6) tax uncertainties and valuation allowances; and (7) assessment of loss contingencies, including environmental and litigation liabilities. Future events and their effects cannot be predicted with certainty, and accordingly, our accounting estimates require the exercise of judgment. The accounting estimates used in the preparation of our condensed consolidated financial statements may change as new events occur, as more experience is acquired, as additional information is obtained and as our operating environment changes. We evaluate and update our assumptions and estimates on an ongoing basis and may employ outside experts to assist in our evaluations. Actual results could differ from the estimates we have used.

Revision of Previously Issued Financial Statements

During the preparation of the Form 10-Q for the three months ended June 30, 2017, we identified a misclassification between "Prepaid expenses and other current assets" and “Accrued expenses other current liabilities” accounts that understated these balances for the periods ended March 31, 2017, December 31, 2016, and September 30, 2016 of $26 million, $21 million, and $16 million, respectively. In addition, we identified a misclassification between “Deferred income tax assets” and “Deferred income tax liabilities” of $4 million that understated these balances as of March 31, 2017. These items impacted the

Novelis Inc.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) - (Continued)

"Other current assets" and "Other current liabilities" line items line items within total "Operating Activities". However, there is no impact to "Net cash provided by operating activities" within the consolidated statements of cash flows.

In our statement of cash flows within the operating section, to correct the presentation of certain non-cash items, we revised "Loss (gain) on foreign exchange remeasurement of debt" and "Other current liabilities" in the presentation of the prior year by $41 million. This revision has no impact on the condensed consolidation statement of operations, the condensed consolidated balance sheets or the key metrics related to the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.

We assessed the materiality of the misstatements and concluded that these misstatements were not material to the Company’s previously issued financial statements and that amendments of previously filed reports were therefore not required. However, we elected to revise the previously reported amounts in both the March 31, 2017 consolidated balance sheet and consolidated statement of cash flows by the amounts above.

Reclassification

A reclassification of a prior period amount has been made to conform to the presentation adopted for the current period.

For the nine months ended December 31, 2016, we reclassified $27 million from "Other (income) expense, net" to "(Gain) loss on the sale of a business, net" in the condensed consolidated statement of operations to conform with the current period presentation. This reclassification had no impact on “Income before income taxes,” “Net income (loss) attributable to our common shareholder,” the condensed consolidated balance sheets or condensed consolidated statements of cash flows during the respective periods. Refer to Note 13 — Other (income) expense, net for further details.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities. The amendments in this update better align an entity’s risk management objectives, activities and financial reporting for hedging relationships through changes to both the designation and measurement guidance for qualifying hedging relationships and the presentation of hedge results. The guidance is effective for public business entities for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted and we intend to early adopt during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018. We believe that the impact to Novelis will primarily result from the following changes to the guidance: election to hedge a specific component of non-financial risk, the entire change in the fair value of the hedging instrument will be deferred to OCI, elimination of hedge accounting ineffectiveness in earnings, reclassification of AOCI to earnings in the same line item impacted by the hedged item, and operational simplification of hedge effectiveness requirements.

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting. This update was issued to provide clarity and reduce both (1) diversity in practice and (2) cost and complexity when applying the guidance in Topic 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation, to a change to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award. An entity may change the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award for many different reasons, and the nature and effect of the change can vary significantly. Under the new guidance, modification accounting is required only if the fair value, the vesting conditions, or the classification of the award (as equity or liability) changes as a result of the change in terms or conditions. The guidance is effective for public business entities for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted. We will adopt this standard during the first quarter of Fiscal 2019. Adoption of this standard is not expected to have an impact on our consolidated results of operations.

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-07, Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost. This update was issued primarily to improve the presentation of net periodic pension and other postretirement benefit costs. The new guidance requires entities to (1) disaggregate the current service cost component from the other components of net benefit cost (the “other components”) and present it with other current compensation costs for related employees in the results of operations and (2) present the other components elsewhere in the results of operations and outside of income from operations if that subtotal is presented. The guidance is effective for public business entities for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted. Currently, all postretirement costs (FAS 87, FAS 106 and FAS 112) fall within the line item “Selling, general and administrative expenses” within the consolidated results of operations. We are currently evaluating the impact of this standard on our consolidated financial position and results of operations.

Novelis Inc.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) - (Continued)

In February 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-06, Plan Accounting: Defined Benefit Pension Plans (Topic 960), Defined Contribution Pension Plans (Topic 962), Health and Welfare Benefit Plans (Topic 965), Employee Benefit Plan Master Trust Reporting (“ASU 2017-06”). This update primarily impacted the reporting by an employee benefit plan (a plan) for its interest in a master trust. The amendments in this update require all plans to disclose (1) their master trust’s other asset and liability balances and (2) the dollar amount of the plan’s interest in each of those balances. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted. Adoption of this standard is not expected to have an impact on our consolidated financial position or results of operations.

In February 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-05, Other Income-Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Non-financial Assets (Subtopic 610-20): Clarifying the Scope of Asset Derecognition Guidance and Accounting for Partial Sales of Non-financial Assets. The amendments in this update include (i) clarification that non-financial assets within the scope of ASC 610-20 may include non-financial assets transferred within a legal entity to a counterparty; (ii) clarification that an entity should allocate consideration to each distinct asset by applying the guidance in ASC 606 on allocating the transaction price to performance obligations; and (iii) a requirement for entities to derecognize a distinct non-financial asset or distinct in substance non-financial asset in a partial sale transaction when it does not have (or ceases to have) a controlling financial interest in the legal entity that holds the asset in accordance with ASC 810, and transfers control of the asset in accordance with ASC 606. The guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption is permitted. Adoption of this standard is expected to have an immaterial impact on our consolidated financial position and results of operations.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment, accounting guidance, which removes Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. As amended, the goodwill impairment test will consist of one step comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. Under the simplified model, a goodwill impairment is calculated as the difference between the carrying amount of the reporting unit and its fair value, but not to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. Early adoption is permitted. The guidance is effective for public business entities for interim and annual periods beginning after its annual or interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Adoption of this standard is not expected to have an impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations and statement of cash flows.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-01, Clarifying the Definition of a Business (Topic 805), which provides guidance on evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. The definition of a business affects many areas of accounting including acquisitions, disposals, goodwill, and consolidation. The new guidance amends ASC 805 to provide a more robust framework to use in determining when a set of assets and activities is a business. In addition, the amendments provide more consistency in applying the guidance, reduce the costs of application, and make the definition of a business more operable. The guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption is permitted. We believe that the adoption of this standard will not have an impact on our consolidated financial position and results of operations.

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230) - Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash. The amendments in this update apply to all entities that have restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents and are required to present a statement of cash flows under Topic 230. The amendments in this update require that a statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. The guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption is permitted. Adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations and statement of cash flows.

In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-16, Accounting for Income Taxes: Intra-Entity Asset Transfers of Assets Other than Inventory. The new guidance eliminates the exception for all intra-entity sales of assets other than inventory. The guidance will require the tax effects of intercompany transactions to be recognized currently and will likely impact reporting entities’ effective tax rates. The guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of this standard on our consolidated financial position and results of operations.

Novelis Inc.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) - (Continued)

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230) - Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments. The new guidance applies to all entities that are required to present a statement of cash flows under Topic 230 and addresses specific cash flow items to provide clarification and reduce the diversity in presentation of these items. The guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017 and interim periods within that year. Early adoption is permitted. Adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations and statement of cash flows.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which when effective will require organizations that lease assets (e.g., through "leases") to recognize assets and liabilities for the rights and obligations created by the leases on the balance sheet. A lessee will be required to recognize assets and liabilities for leases with terms that exceed twelve months. The standard will also require disclosures to help investors and financial statement users to better understand the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. The disclosures include qualitative and quantitative requirements, providing additional information about the amounts recorded in the financial statements. The guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of this standard on our consolidated financial position and results of operations.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), which, when effective, will supersede the guidance in former ASC 605, Revenue Recognition. The new guidance requires entities to recognize revenue based on the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for these goods or services. The guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016 and interim periods within that year. Early adoption is not permitted. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-14 Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Deferral of Effective Date, which provides an optional one-year deferral of the effective date. Subsequent to these amendments, further clarifying amendments have been issued. We are currently evaluating the impact of the standard on our consolidated financial position, results of operations and disclosures. We have begun assessing our contracts and drafting policies to implement the new revenue standards and will be implementing this standard during the first quarter of fiscal year 2019.

Novelis Inc.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) - (Continued)

2. RESTRUCTURING AND IMPAIRMENT

“Restructuring and impairment, net” for the nine months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 was $33 million and $4 million, respectively.

The following table summarizes our restructuring liability activity and other impairment charges (in millions).



	Total restructuring liabilities			Other restructuring charges (A)		Total restructuring charges		Other impairments (B)		Total restructuring and impairments, net
Balance as of March 31, 2017	$	24
Expenses	18			$	9	$	27	$	6	$	33
Cash payments	(5		)
Foreign currency (C)	(1		)
Balance as of December 31, 2017	$	36

_________________________


(A)	Other restructuring charges include period expenses that were not recorded through the restructuring liability.


(B)	Other impairment charges not related to restructuring activities.


(C)	This primarily relates to the remeasurement of Brazilian real denominated restructuring liabilities.

We plan to cease certain non-core operations at a facility in Europe resulting in $9 million of asset impairments and $16 million of severance and associated legal costs, which is expected to be paid in fiscal 2019.

As of December 31, 2017, $31 million of restructuring liabilities was included in "Accrued expenses and other current liabilities" and $5 million was included in "Other long-term liabilities" on our condensed consolidated balance sheet. As of December 31, 2017, there was a $17 million restructuring liability for the South America segment, $17 million for the Europe segment, $1 million for the North America segment and $1 million for the Asia segment. There were also $2 million and $3 million in payments for the Europe and South America segments, respectively, during the nine months ended December 31, 2017.

As of March 31, 2017, $16 million of restructuring liabilities was included in "Accrued expenses and other current liabilities" and $8 million was included in "Other long-term liabilities" on our condensed consolidated balance sheet.

For additional information on environmental charges see Note 15 — Commitments and Contingencies.

Novelis Inc.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) - (Continued)

3. INVENTORIES

"Inventories" consist of the following (in millions).



	December 31, 2017		March 31, 2017
Finished goods	$	417	$	389
Work in process	733		576
Raw materials	263		213
Supplies	159		155
Inventories	$	1,572	$	1,333

Novelis Inc.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) - (Continued)

4. CONSOLIDATION

Variable Interest Entities (VIE)

We have a joint interest in Logan Aluminum Inc. (Logan) with Tri-Arrows Aluminum Inc. (Tri-Arrows). Logan processes metal received from Novelis and Tri-Arrows and charges the respective partner a fee to cover expenses. Logan is thinly capitalized and relies on the regular reimbursement of costs and expenses by Novelis and Tri-Arrows to fund its operations. This reimbursement is considered a variable interest as it constitutes a form of financing the activities of Logan. As Logan is dependent upon the investors for ongoing capital to support the operations of the entity, Logan is a variable interest entity ("VIE"). The entity that has a controlling financial interest in a VIE is referred to as the primary beneficiary and consolidates the VIE. An entity is deemed to have a controlling financial interest and is the primary beneficiary of a VIE if it has both the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and an obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits that could potentially be significant to the VIE. We have the ability to make decisions regarding Logan’s production operations. We also have the ability to take the majority share of production and associated costs. These facts qualify us as Logan’s primary beneficiary and this entity is consolidated for all periods presented.

Other than the contractually required reimbursements, we do not provide other material support to Logan. Logan's creditors do not have recourse to our general credit. There are significant other assets used in the operations of Logan that are not part of the joint venture, as they are directly owned and consolidated by Novelis or Tri-Arrows. The following table summarizes the carrying value and classification of assets and liabilities owned by the Logan joint venture and consolidated in our condensed consolidated balance sheets (in millions).



	December 31, 2017		March 31, 2017
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	4	$	2
Accounts receivable	29		29
Inventories	69		62
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	1		2
Total current assets	103		95
Property, plant and equipment, net	21		25
Goodwill	12		12
Deferred income taxes	59		89
Other long-term assets	23		30
Total assets	$	218	$	251
Liabilities
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	$	40	$	32
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	18		21
Total current liabilities	58		53
Accrued postretirement benefits	217		224
Other long-term liabilities	3		3
Total liabilities	$	278	$	280

Novelis Inc.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) - (Continued)


5.	INVESTMENT IN AND ADVANCES TO NON-CONSOLIDATED AFFILIATES AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

We have two non-consolidated affiliates, Aluminum Norf GmbH (Alunorf) and Ulsan Aluminum, Ltd. (UAL). Included in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements are transactions and balances arising from business we conducted with these non-consolidated affiliates, which we classify as related party transactions and balances. We account for these affiliates using the equity method.

In May 2017, Novelis Korea Ltd. (Novelis Korea), a subsidiary of Novelis Inc., entered into definitive agreements with Kobe Steel Ltd. (Kobe), an unrelated party, under which Novelis Korea and Kobe will jointly own and operate the Ulsan manufacturing plant owned by Novelis Korea. In April 2017, Novelis Korea formed a new wholly owned subsidiary, UAL. In September 2017, the transaction closed and Novelis Korea sold 49.9% of its shares in UAL to Kobe for the purchase price of $314 million. We recognized a net gain of $318 million on the transaction, pre-tax, consisting of: (1) $168 million gain related to the difference between the fair value of the consideration received and the carrying amount of the former subsidiary's assets and liabilities; (2) $163 million net gain related to the remeasurement of the retained investment by Novelis Korea; (3) $11 million in transaction fees and (4) $2 million in pension settlement losses. The net gain is recognized in "Gain (loss) on sale of a business" within the condensed consolidated statement of operations. The fair value of the retained investment was derived from cash consideration paid by a market participant, Kobe, for its 49.9% interest.

As a result of this transaction, we have shared power in UAL with Kobe. Novelis Korea and Kobe will supply input metal to UAL and UAL will produce flat rolled aluminum products exclusively for Novelis Korea and Kobe. In addition, we hold several variable interests in UAL through the regular funding of costs and expenses by Novelis Korea and Kobe. As UAL is dependent upon the investors for ongoing capital to support the operations of the entity, UAL is a variable interest entity ("VIE"). The entity that has a controlling financial interest in a VIE is referred to as the primary beneficiary and consolidates the VIE. An entity is deemed to have a controlling financial interest and is the primary beneficiary of a VIE if it has both the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and an obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits that could potentially be significant to the VIE. The entity will be controlled by the Board of Directors. We do not have the sole decision-making ability regarding UAL's production operations and other significant decisions as the Board of Directors has ultimate control over these decisions. In addition, we do not have the ability to take the majority share of production and associated costs over the life of the joint venture. As we share power jointly with Kobe, we determined Novelis is not the primary beneficiary. Our risk of loss with respect to this VIE is limited to the carrying value of our investment in and inventory-related receivables from UAL. UAL's creditors do not have recourse to our general credit. We have no obligation to provide additional funding to this VIE outside of the contractually required reimbursements.

The following table summarizes the results of operations of our equity method affiliates, and the nature and amounts of significant transactions we have with our non-consolidated affiliates (in millions). The amounts in the table below are disclosed at 100% of the operating results of these affiliates.



	Three Months Ended December 31,						Nine Months Ended December 31,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Net sales	$	308		$	95		$	549		$	340
Costs and expenses related to net sales	309			116			551			358
Provision for taxes on income	(1		)	(7		)	(1		)	(6		)
Net loss	$	—		$	(14	)	$	(1	)	$	(12	)
Purchases of tolling services from Alunorf	$	59		$	47		$	180		$	170

Novelis Inc.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) - (Continued)

The following table describes the period-end account balances that we had with these non-consolidated affiliates, shown as related party balances in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets (in millions). We had no other material related party balances with Alunorf or UAL.



	December 31, 2017		March 31, 2017
Accounts receivable-related parties	$	253	$	60
Other long-term assets-related parties	$	10	$	15
Accounts payable-related parties	$	206	$	51

We earned less than $1 million of interest income on a loan due from Alunorf during each of the periods presented in "Other long-term assets-related parties" in the table above. We believe collection of the full receivable from Alunorf is probable; thus no allowance for loan loss was recorded as of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2017.

We have guaranteed the indebtedness for a credit facility on behalf of Alunorf. The guarantee is limited to 50% of the outstanding debt, not to exceed 6 million euros. As of December 31, 2017, there were no amounts outstanding under our guarantee with Alunorf as there were no outstanding borrowings. We have also guaranteed the payment of early retirement benefits on behalf of Alunorf. As of December 31, 2017, this guarantee totaled $2 million.

Transactions with Hindalco

We occasionally have related party transactions with our indirect parent company, Hindalco. During the nine months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, “Net sales” were less than $1 million between Novelis and Hindalco. As of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2017, there were less than $1 million in "Accounts receivable, net - related parties" outstanding related to transactions with Hindalco.

During the nine months ended December 31, 2017, Novelis did not purchase any raw materials from Hindalco. There were $3 million of raw material purchases from Hindalco that were fully paid for during the nine months ended December 31, 2016.

Novelis Inc.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) - (Continued)

6. DEBT

Debt consisted of the following (in millions).



	December 31, 2017											March 31, 2017
	Interest Rates (A)		Principal			Unamortized Carrying Value Adjustments (B)			Carrying Value			Principal			Unamortized Carrying Value Adjustments (B)			Carrying Value
Third party debt:
Short-term borrowings	2.51	%	$	116		$	—		$	116		$	294		$	—		$	294
Novelis Inc.
Floating rate Term Loan Facility, due June 2022	3.54	%	1,782			(46		)	1,736			1,796			(53		)	1,743
Novelis Corporation
5.875% Senior Notes, due September 2026	5.875	%	1,500			(22		)	1,478			1,500			(23		)	1,477
6.25% Senior Notes, due August 2024	6.25	%	1,150			(17		)	1,133			1,150			(19		)	1,131
Novelis Korea Limited
Bank loans, due through September 2020 (KRW 132 billion)	2.65	%	123			—			123			184			—			184
Novelis Switzerland S.A.
Capital lease obligation, due through December 2019 (Swiss francs (CHF) 14 million)	7.50	%	14			—			14			17			(1		)	16
Novelis do Brasil Ltda.
BNDES loans, due through April 2021 (BRL 7 million)	6.02	%	2			—			2			4			—			4
Other
Capital Lease Obligations and Other debt, due through December 2020	4.84	%	2			—			2			3			—			3
Total debt			4,689			(85		)	4,604			4,948			(96		)	4,852
Less: Short term borrowings			(116		)	—			(116		)	(294		)	—			(294		)
Current portion of long term debt			(136		)	—			(136		)	(121		)	—			(121		)
Long-term debt, net of current portion			$	4,437		$	(85	)	$	4,352		$	4,533		$	(96	)	$	4,437

_________________________

(A)

Interest rates are the stated rates of interest on the debt instrument (not the effective interest rate) as of December 31, 2017, and therefore, exclude the effects of related interest rate swaps and accretion/amortization of fair value adjustments as a result of purchase accounting in connection with Hindalco's purchase of Novelis and accretion/amortization of debt issuance costs related to refinancing transactions and additional borrowings. We present stated rates of interest because they reflect the rate at which cash will be paid for future debt service.


(B)	Amounts include unamortized debt issuance costs, fair value adjustments and debt discounts.

Novelis Inc.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) - (Continued)

Principal repayment requirements for our total debt over the next five years and thereafter using exchange rates as of

December 31, 2017 (for our debt denominated in foreign currencies) are as follows (in millions).



As of December 31, 2017	Amount
Short-term borrowings and current portion of long-term debt due within one year	$	252
2 years	38
3 years	21
4 years	18
5 years	1,710
Thereafter	2,650
Total	$	4,689

Senior Secured Credit Facilities

As of December 31, 2017, the senior secured credit facilities consisted of (i) a $1.8 billion secured term loan credit facility (Term Loan Facility) and (ii) a $1 billion asset based loan facility (ABL Revolver). As of December 31, 2017, $18 million of the Term Loan Facility is due within one year.

Term Loan Facility

In September 2017, we amended our Term Loan Credit Agreement (the "Term Loan Amendment") to our $1.8 billion Credit Agreement (the "Term Loan Facility") dated as of January 10, 2017. The amendment modifies certain provisions of the Term Loan Facility to facilitate the closing of the transaction with Kobe Steel Ltd.

The Term Loan Facility matures on June 2, 2022, and is subject to 0.25% quarterly amortization payments. The loans under the Term Loan Facility accrue interest at LIBOR plus 1.85%. The Term Loan Facility also requires customary mandatory

prepayments with excess cash flow, asset sale and casualty event proceeds and proceeds of prohibited indebtedness, all subject to customary exceptions. The Term Loan may be prepaid, in full or in part, at any time at the Company’s election without penalty or premium. The Term Loan Facility allows for additional term loans to be issued in an amount not to exceed $300 million (or its equivalent in other currencies) plus an unlimited amount if, after giving effect to such incurrence on a pro forma basis, the senior secured net leverage ratio does not exceed 3.00 to 1.00. The lenders under the Term Loan Facility have not committed to provide any such additional term loans.

ABL Revolver

In September 2017, we amended and extended the ABL Revolver. The facility is a senior secured revolver bearing an interest rate of LIBOR plus a spread of 1.25% to 1.75% or a prime rate plus a prime spread of 0.25% to 0.75% based on excess availability. The ABL Revolver has a provision that allows the facility to be increased by an additional $500 million. The ABL Revolver has various customary covenants including maintaining a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio of 1.25 to 1 if excess availability is less than the greater of (1) $90 million and (2) 10% of the lesser of (a) the maximum size of the ABL Revolver and (b) the borrowing base. The fixed charge coverage ratio will be equal to the ratio of (1) (a) ABL Revolver defined Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization ("EBITDA") less (b) maintenance capital expenditures less (c) cash taxes; to (2) (a) interest expense plus (b) scheduled principal payments plus (c) dividends to the Company's direct holding company to pay certain taxes, operating expenses and management fees and repurchases of equity interests from employees, officers and directors. The ABL Revolver matures on September 14, 2022; provided that, in the event that the Term Loan Facility, or certain other indebtedness matures on or prior to March 14, 2023 and is outstanding 90 days prior to its maturity (and not refinanced with a maturity date later than March 14, 2023), then the ABL Revolver will mature 90 days prior to the maturity date for such other indebtedness, as applicable; unless excess availability under the ABL Revolver is at least (i) 20% of the lesser of (x) the total ABL Revolver commitment and (y) the then applicable borrowing base and (ii) 15% of the lesser of (x) the total ABL Revolver commitment and (y) the then applicable borrowing base, and a minimum fixed charge ratio test of at least 1.25 to 1 is met.

Novelis Inc.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) - (Continued)

Short-Term Borrowings

As of December 31, 2017, our short-term borrowings were $116 million, consisting of $73 million of short-term loans under our ABL Revolver, $39 million in Novelis China loans (CNY 253 million), and $4 million in other loans.

As of December 31, 2017, $19 million of the ABL Revolver was utilized for letters of credit, and we had $739 million in remaining availability under the ABL Revolver.

As of December 31, 2017, we had availability under our Novelis Korea, Novelis Middle East and Africa, and Novelis China revolving credit facilities and credit lines of $202 million (KRW 216 billion), $20 million, and $6 million (CNY 45 million), respectively.

Senior Notes

Refer to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year-ended March 31, 2017 for details on the issuances of the senior notes and their respective covenants. As of December 31, 2017, we were in compliance with the covenants for our Senior Notes.

Interest Rate Swaps

We use interest rate swaps to manage our exposure to changes in benchmark interest rates which impact our variable-rate debt. See Note 10 — Financial Instruments and Commodity Contracts for further information about these interest rate swaps.

7. SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

The Company's board of directors has authorized long term incentive plans (LTIPs), under which Hindalco stock appreciation rights (Hindalco SARs), Novelis stock appreciation rights (Novelis SARs), phantom restricted stock units (RSUs), and Novelis Performance Units (Novelis PUs) are granted to certain executive officers and key employees.

The Hindalco SARs vest at the rate of 25% or 33% per year, subject to the achievement of an annual performance target, and expire seven years from their original grant date. The performance criterion for vesting of the Hindalco SARs is based on the actual overall Novelis operating EBITDA compared to the target established and approved each fiscal year. The RSUs are based on Hindalco's stock price. The RSUs vest either in full three years from the grant date or 33% per year over three years, subject to continued employment with the Company, but are not subject to performance criteria.

In May 2016, the Company's board of directors approved the issuance of Novelis PUs which have a fixed $100 value per unit and will vest in full three years from the grant date, subject to specific performance criteria compared to the established target. The Company made a voluntary offer to the participants with outstanding Novelis SARs granted for fiscal years 2012 through 2016 to exchange their Novelis SARs for an equivalently valued number of Novelis PUs. The voluntary exchange resulted in 1,054,662 Novelis SARs being modified into PUs which are not based on Novelis' or Hindalco's fair values and are accounted for outside the scope of ASC 718, Compensation - Stock Compensation. This exchange was accounted for as a modification.

During the nine months ended December 31, 2017, we granted 2,586,824 RSUs, 2,317,529 Hindalco SARs, and no Novelis SARs. Total compensation expense related to these plans for the respective periods was $9 million and $3 million for the three months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. These amounts are included in “Selling, general and administrative expenses” in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. As the performance criteria for fiscal years 2019, 2020 and 2021 have not yet been established, measurement periods for Hindalco SARs relating to those periods have not yet commenced. As a result, only compensation expense for vested and current year Hindalco SARs and Novelis SARs has been recorded. As of December 31, 2017, the outstanding liability related to share-based compensation was $27 million.

The cash payments made to settle SAR liabilities were $9 million and $3 million in the nine months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016. Total cash payments made to settle Hindalco RSUs were $8 million and $2 million in the nine months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Unrecognized compensation expense related to the non-vested Hindalco SARs (assuming all future performance criteria are met) was $9 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.2 years. Unrecognized compensation expense related to the non-vested Novelis SARs (assuming all future performance criteria are met) was less than $1 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 0.9 years. Unrecognized compensation expense related to the RSUs was $11 million, which will be recognized over the remaining weighted average vesting period of 1.3 years.

Novelis Inc.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) - (Continued)

8. POSTRETIREMENT BENEFIT PLANS

Our pension obligations relate to: (1) funded defined benefit pension plans in the U.S., Canada, Switzerland and the U.K.; (2) unfunded defined benefit pension plans in Germany; (3) unfunded lump sum indemnities payable upon retirement to employees in France and Italy; and (4) partially funded lump sum indemnities in South Korea. Our other postretirement obligations (Other Benefit Plans, as shown in certain tables below) include unfunded health care and life insurance benefits provided to retired employees in the U.S., Canada and Brazil.

Components of net periodic benefit cost for all of our postretirement benefit plans are shown in the table below (in millions).



	Pension Benefit Plans						Other Benefit Plans
	Three Months Ended December 31,						Three Months Ended December 31,
	2017			2016			2017		2016
Service cost	$	11		$	11		$	1	$	2
Interest cost	15			15			2		2
Expected return on assets	(16		)	(16		)	—		—
Amortization — losses, net	9			10			—		1
Amortization — prior service credit, net	—			(1		)	—		—
Net periodic benefit cost	$	19		$	19		$	3	$	5




	Pension Benefit Plans						Other Benefit Plans
	Nine Months Ended December 31,						Nine Months Ended December 31,
	2017			2016			2017		2016
Service cost	$	33		$	34		$	5	$	5
Interest cost	44			46			5		5
Expected return on assets	(46		)	(47		)	—		—
Amortization — losses	26			30			1		3
Amortization — prior service credit, net	—			(2		)	—		1
Termination benefits / (curtailments)	2			—			—		—
Net periodic benefit cost	$	59		$	61		$	11	$	14

The average expected long-term rate of return on plan assets is 5.2% in fiscal 2018.

Employer Contributions to Plans

For pension plans, our policy is to fund an amount required to provide for contractual benefits attributed to service to date, and amortize unfunded actuarial liabilities typically over periods of 15 years or less. We also participate in savings plans in Canada and the U.S., as well as defined contribution pension plans in the U.S., U.K., Canada, Germany, Italy, Switzerland and Brazil. We contributed the following amounts to all plans (in millions).



	Three Months Ended December 31,				Nine Months Ended December 31,
	2017		2016		2017		2016
Funded pension plans	$	8	$	13	$	42	$	20
Unfunded pension plans	3		3		10		9
Savings and defined contribution pension plans	7		6		21		19
Total contributions	$	18	$	22	$	73	$	48

During the remainder of fiscal 2018, we expect to contribute an additional $5 million to our funded pension plans, $4 million to our unfunded pension plans and $7 million to our savings and defined contribution plans.

Novelis Inc.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) - (Continued)

9. CURRENCY (GAINS) LOSSES

The following currency (gains) losses are included in “Other (income) expense, net” in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations (in millions).



	Three Months Ended December 31,						Nine Months Ended December 31,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
(Gain) loss on remeasurement of monetary assets and liabilities, net	$	(4	)	$	(1	)	$	(43	)	$	14
Loss (gain) recognized on balance sheet remeasurement currency exchange contracts, net	4			(1		)	43			(15		)
Currency gains, net	$	—		$	(2	)	$	—		$	(1	)

The following currency gains (losses) are included in “Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax” and “Noncontrolling interests” in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets (in millions).



	Nine Months Ended December 31, 2017			Year Ended March 31, 2017
	Nine Months Ended December 31, 2017			Year Ended March 31, 2017
Cumulative currency translation adjustment — beginning of period	$	(256	)	$	(197	)
Effect of changes in exchange rates	149			(75		)
Sale of investment in foreign entities (A)	—			16
Cumulative currency translation adjustment — end of period	$	(107	)	$	(256	)

_________________________


(A)	We reclassified $16 million of cumulative currency losses from AOCI to "(Gain) loss on sale of a business, net" in the twelve months ended March 31, 2017 due to the sale of our equity interest in Aluminium Company of Malaysia Berhad (ALCOM) in fiscal 2017.

Novelis Inc.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) - (Continued)

10. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND COMMODITY CONTRACTS

The following tables summarize the gross fair values of our financial instruments and commodity contracts as of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2017 (in millions).



	December 31, 2017
	Assets				Liabilities						Net Fair Value
	Current		Noncurrent (A)		Current			Noncurrent (A)			Assets / (Liabilities)
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Cash flow hedges
Aluminum contracts	$	—	$	—	$	(62	)	$	—		$	(62	)
Currency exchange contracts	12		1		(6		)	(4		)	3
Energy contracts	—		1		(2		)	(7		)	(8		)
Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments	12		2		(70		)	(11		)	(67		)
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
Aluminum contracts	76		—		(91		)	(1		)	(16		)
Currency exchange contracts	26		—		(31		)	(1		)	(6		)
Energy contracts	1		—		—			—			1
Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments	103		—		(122		)	(2		)	(21		)
Total derivative fair value	$	115	$	2	$	(192	)	$	(13	)	$	(88	)



	March 31, 2017
	Assets				Liabilities						Net Fair Value
	Current		Noncurrent (A)		Current			Noncurrent(A)			Assets / (Liabilities)
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Cash flow hedges
Aluminum contracts	$	—	$	—	$	(69	)	$	—		$	(69	)
Currency exchange contracts	26		1		(1		)	(3		)	23
Energy contracts	1		—		—			(9		)	(8		)
Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments	27		1		(70		)	(12		)	(54		)
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Aluminum contracts	57		1		(68		)	(1		)	(11		)
Currency exchange contracts	29		—		(13		)	—			16
Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments	86		1		(81		)	(1		)	5
Total derivative fair value	$	113	$	2	$	(151	)	$	(13	)	$	(49	)

_________________________


(A)	The noncurrent portions of derivative assets and liabilities are included in “Other long-term assets-third parties” and in “Other long-term liabilities”, respectively, in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Novelis Inc.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) - (Continued)

Aluminum

We use derivative instruments to preserve our conversion margins and manage the timing differences associated with metal price lag. We use over-the-counter derivatives indexed to the London Metals Exchange (LME) (referred to as our "aluminum derivative forward contracts") to reduce our exposure to fluctuating metal prices associated with the period of time between the pricing of our purchases of inventory and the pricing of the sale of that inventory to our customers, which is known as "metal price lag." We also purchase forward LME aluminum contracts simultaneously with our sales contracts with customers that contain fixed metal prices. These LME aluminum forward contracts directly hedge the economic risk of future metal price fluctuations to better match the selling price of the metal with the purchase price of the metal. The volatility in local market premiums also results in metal price lag.

Price risk exposure arises from commitments to sell aluminum in future periods at fixed prices. We identify and designate certain LME aluminum forward contracts as fair value hedges of the metal price risk associated with fixed price sales commitments that qualify as firm commitments. We did not have any outstanding aluminum forward purchase contracts designated as fair value hedges as of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2017.

Price risk arises due to fluctuating aluminum prices between the time the sales order is committed and the time the order is shipped. We identify and designate certain LME aluminum forward purchase contracts as cash flow hedges of the metal price risk associated with our future metal purchases that vary based on changes in the price of aluminum. We did not have any outstanding aluminum forward purchase contracts designated as cash flow hedges as of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2017.

Price risk exposure arises due to the timing lag between the LME based pricing of raw material aluminum purchases and the LME based pricing of finished product sales. We identify and designate certain LME aluminum forward sales contracts as cash flow hedges of the metal price risk associated with our future metal sales that vary based on changes in the price of aluminum. Generally, such exposures do not extend beyond two years in length. The average duration of undesignated contracts is less than one year.

The following table summarizes our notional amount (in kt).



	December 31, 2017		March 31, 2017
Hedge type
Purchase (Sale)
Cash flow sales	(341	)	(391	)
Not designated	(197	)	(89	)
Total, net	(538	)	(480	)

Foreign Currency

We use foreign exchange forward contracts, cross-currency swaps and options to manage our exposure to changes in exchange rates. These exposures arise from recorded assets and liabilities, firm commitments and forecasted cash flows denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of certain operations.

We use foreign currency contracts to hedge expected future foreign currency transactions, which include capital expenditures. These contracts cover the same periods as known or expected exposures. We had total notional amounts of $432 million and $465 million in outstanding foreign currency forwards designated as cash flow hedges as of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2017, respectively.

We use foreign currency contracts to hedge our foreign currency exposure to our net investment in foreign subsidiaries. We did not have any outstanding foreign currency forwards designated as net investment hedges as of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2017.

As of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2017, we had outstanding foreign currency exchange contracts with a total notional amount of $1,478 million and $683 million, respectively, to primarily hedge balance sheet remeasurement risk, which were not designated as hedges. Contracts representing the majority of this notional amount will mature during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018 and offset the remeasurement impact.

Novelis Inc.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) - (Continued)

Energy

We own an interest in an electricity swap contract to hedge our exposure to fluctuating electricity prices. As of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2017, there were 1 million of notional megawatt hours outstanding, and the fair value of the swap was a liability of $7 million and $9 million, respectively. The electricity swap, which matures on January 5, 2022, is designated as a cash flow hedge.

We use natural gas forward purchase contracts ("forward contracts") to manage our exposure to fluctuating natural gas prices in North America. We had a notional of 21 million MMBTUs designated as cash flow hedges as of December 31, 2017, and the fair value was a liability of $1 million. There was a notional of 6 million MMBTU forward contracts designated as cash flow hedges as of March 31, 2017 and the fair value was an asset of $1 million. As of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2017, we had notionals of less than 1 million MMBTU forward contracts that were not designated as hedges. The fair value for the forward contracts not designated as hedges as of December 31, 2017 was a liability of $1 million and as of March 31, 2017 was a liability of less than $1 million. The average duration of undesignated contracts is approximately 2 years in length. One MMBTU is the equivalent of one decatherm, or one million British Thermal Units.

We use diesel fuel forward contracts to manage our exposure to fluctuating fuel prices in North America, which were not designated as hedges as of December 31, 2017. As of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2017, we had 5 million and 8 million gallons of diesel fuel forward purchase contracts outstanding. The fair value as of December 31, 2017 was an asset of $1 million, and as of March 31, 2017 was a liability of less than $1 million. The average duration of undesignated contracts is less than 2 years in length.

Interest Rate

As of December 31, 2017, we swapped $56 million (KRW 60 billion) floating rate loans to a weighted average fixed rate of 3.10%. All swaps expire concurrent with the maturity of the related loans. As of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2017, $56 million (KRW 60 billion) and $119 million (KRW 133 billion), respectively, were designated as cash flow hedges.

Novelis Inc.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) - (Continued)

Gain (Loss) Recognition

The following table summarizes the gains (losses) associated with the change in fair value of derivative instruments not designated as hedges and the ineffectiveness of designated derivatives recognized in “Other (income) expense, net” (in millions). Gains (losses) recognized in other line items in the condensed consolidated statement of operations are separately disclosed within this footnote.



	Three Months Ended December 31,						Nine Months Ended December 31,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Derivative instruments not designated as hedges
Aluminum contracts	$	6		$	(10	)	$	8		$	(27	)
Currency exchange contracts	(2		)	4			(51		)	17
Energy contracts (A)	3			4			6			9
Gain (loss) recognized in "Other (income) expense, net"	7			(2		)	(37		)	(1		)
Derivative instruments designated as hedges
(Loss) gain recognized in "Other (income) expense, net" (B)	(1		)	5			(8		)	(8		)
Total gain (loss) recognized in "Other (income) expense, net"	$	6		$	3		$	(45	)	$	(9	)
Balance sheet remeasurement currency exchange contract (losses) gains	$	(4	)	$	1		$	(43	)	$	15
Realized losses, net	(5		)	(19		)	(15		)	(42		)
Unrealized gains on other derivative instruments, net	15			21			13			18
Total gain (loss) recognized in "Other (income) expense, net"	$	6		$	3		$	(45	)	$	(9	)

_________________________


(A)	Includes amounts related to de-designated electricity swap and natural gas swaps not designated as hedges.


(B)	Amount includes: forward market premium/discount excluded from hedging relationship and ineffectiveness on designated aluminum and foreign currency capital expenditure contracts; releases to income from AOCI on balance sheet remeasurement contracts; and ineffectiveness of fair value hedges involving aluminum derivatives.

The following table summarizes the impact on AOCI and earnings of derivative instruments designated as cash flow and net investment hedges (in millions). Within the next twelve months, we expect to reclassify $76 million of losses from AOCI to earnings, before taxes.



	Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in OCI (Effective Portion)						Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in OCI (Effective Portion)						Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in “Other Expense, net” (Ineffective and Excluded Portion)				Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in “Other Expense, net” (Ineffective and Excluded Portion)
	Three Months Ended December 31,						Nine Months Ended December 31,						Three Months Ended December 31,				Nine Months Ended December 31,
	2017			2016			2017			2016			2017		2016		2017			2016
Cash flow hedging derivatives
Aluminum contracts	$	(66	)	$	(22	)	$	(89	)	$	(52	)	$	—	$	4	$	(9	)	$	(9	)
Currency exchange contracts	—			(14		)	(7		)	18			—		—		1			1
Energy contracts	(2		)	1			(4		)	(3		)	—		—		1			(1		)
Total cash flow hedging derivatives	$	(68	)	$	(35	)	$	(100	)	$	(37	)	$	—	$	4	$	(7	)	$	(9	)
Net investment derivatives
Currency exchange contracts	(17		)	—			(17		)	—			—		—		—			—
Total	$	(85	)	$	(35	)	$	(117	)	$	(37	)	$	—	$	4	$	(7	)	$	(9	)

Novelis Inc.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) - (Continued)

Gain (Loss) Reclassification



	Amount of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income/(Expense) (Effective Portion) Three Months Ended December 31,						Amount of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income/(Expense) (Effective Portion) Nine Months Ended September 30,						Location of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Earnings
Cash flow hedging derivatives	2017			2016			2017			2016
Energy contracts (A)	$	—		$	(1	)	$	—		$	(4	)	Other (income) expense, net
Energy contracts (C)	(1		)	(1		)	(2		)	(4		)	Cost of goods sold (B)
Aluminum contracts	(36		)	(13		)	(79		)	(19		)	Cost of goods sold (B)
Aluminum contracts	—			(1		)	—			(3		)	Net sales
Currency exchange contracts	4			5			11			10			Cost of goods sold (B)
Currency exchange contracts	—			—			1			1			Selling, general and administrative expenses
Currency exchange contracts	1			1			3			4			Net sales
Currency exchange contracts	—			—			—			1			Other (income) expense, net
Currency exchange contracts	—			—			(1		)	(1		)	Depreciation and amortization
Total	$	(32	)	$	(10	)	$	(67	)	$	(15	)	Loss before taxes
	11			2			23			3			Income tax benefit
	$	(21	)	$	(8	)	$	(44	)	$	(12	)	Net loss

_________________________


(A)	Includes amounts related to de-designated electricity swap. AOCI related to this swap was amortized to income over the remaining term of the hedged item.


(B)	"Cost of goods sold" is exclusive of depreciation and amortization.


(C)	Includes amounts related to electricity and natural gas swaps.

Novelis Inc.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) - (Continued)

11. ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

The following tables summarize the change in the components of accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax and excluding "Noncontrolling interests", for the periods presented (in millions).



	Currency Translation			(A) Cash Flow Hedges			(B) Postretirement Benefit Plans			Total
Balance as of September 30, 2017	$	(165	)	$	(44	)	$	(241	)	$	(450	)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	58			(46		)	(10		)	2
Amounts reclassified from AOCI, net	—			20			13			33
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)	58			(26		)	3			35
Balance as of December 31, 2017	$	(107	)	$	(70	)	$	(238	)	$	(415	)



	Currency Translation			(A) Cash Flow Hedges			(B) Postretirement Benefit Plans			Total
Balance as of September 30, 2016	$	(185	)	$	(8	)	$	(274	)	$	(467	)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications	(140		)	(25		)	—			(165		)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI, net	—			8			18			26
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)	(140		)	(17		)	18			(139		)
Balance as of December 31, 2016	$	(325	)	$	(25	)	$	(256	)	$	(606	)



	Currency Translation			(A) Cash Flow Hedges			(B) Postretirement Benefit Plans			Total
Balance as of March 31, 2017	$	(256	)	$	(46	)	$	(243	)	$	(545	)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	149			(67		)	(14		)	68
Amounts reclassified from AOCI, net	—			43			19			62
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)	149			(24		)	5			130
Balance as of December 31, 2017	$	(107	)	$	(70	)	$	(238	)	$	(415	)



	Currency Translation			(A) Cash Flow Hedges			(B) Postretirement Benefit Plans			Total
Balance as of March 31, 2016	$	(196	)	$	(11	)	$	(293	)	$	(500	)
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications	(145		)	(26		)	17			(154		)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI, net (C)	16			12			20			48
Net current-period other comprehensive (loss) income	(129		)	(14		)	37			(106		)
Balance as of December 31, 2016	$	(325	)	$	(25	)	$	(256	)	$	(606	)

_________________________


(A)	For additional information on our cash flow hedges, see Note 10 — Financial Instruments and Commodity Contracts.


(B)	For additional information on our postretirement benefit plans, see Note 8 — Postretirement Benefit Plans.


(C)	The $16 million in currency translation reclassified from AOCI relates to CTA that was written off as part of our sale of the Aluminium Company of Malaysia Berhad (ALCOM) business in fiscal 2017. This amount is classified in (Gain) loss on sale of a business, net.

Novelis Inc.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) - (Continued)

12. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

We record certain assets and liabilities, primarily derivative instruments, on our condensed consolidated balance sheets at fair value. We also disclose the fair value of certain financial instruments, including debt and loans receivable, which are not recorded at fair value. Our objective in measuring fair value is to estimate an exit price in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. We consider factors such as liquidity, bid/offer spreads and nonperformance risk, including our own nonperformance risk, in measuring fair value. We use observable market inputs wherever possible. To the extent observable market inputs are not available, our fair value measurements will reflect the assumptions we used. We grade the level of the inputs and assumptions used according to a three-tier hierarchy:

Level 1 — Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities we have the ability to access at the measurement date.

Level 2 — Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly.

Level 3 — Unobservable inputs for which there is little or no market data, which require us to develop our own assumptions based on the best information available as what market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.

The following section describes the valuation methodologies we used to measure our various financial instruments at fair value, including an indication of the level in the fair value hierarchy in which each instrument is generally classified.

Derivative Contracts

For certain derivative contracts with fair values based upon trades in liquid markets, such as aluminum, foreign exchange, natural gas and diesel fuel forward contracts and options, valuation model inputs can generally be verified and valuation techniques do not involve significant judgment. The fair values of such financial instruments are generally classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

The majority of our derivative contracts are valued using industry-standard models with observable market inputs as their basis, such as time value, forward interest rates, volatility factors, and current (spot) and forward market prices. We generally classify these instruments within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy. Such derivatives include interest rate swaps, cross-currency swaps, foreign currency contracts, aluminum derivative contracts, natural gas and diesel fuel forward contracts.

We classify derivative contracts that are valued based on models with significant unobservable market inputs as Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy. Our electricity swap, which is our only Level 3 derivative contract, represents an agreement to buy electricity at a fixed price at our Oswego, New York facility. Forward prices are not observable for this market, so we must make certain assumptions based on available information we believe to be relevant to market participants. We use observable forward prices for a geographically nearby market and adjust for 1) historical spreads between the cash prices of the two markets, and 2) historical spreads between retail and wholesale prices.

For the electricity swap, the average forward price at December 31, 2017, estimated using the method described above, was $40 per megawatt hour, which represented a $3 premium over forward prices in the nearby observable market. The actual rate from the most recent swap settlement was approximately $47 per megawatt hour. Each $1 per megawatt hour decline in price decreases the valuation of the electricity swap by $1 million.

For Level 2 and 3 of the fair value hierarchy, where appropriate, valuations are adjusted for various factors such as liquidity, bid/offer spreads and credit considerations (nonperformance risk). We regularly monitor these factors along with significant market inputs and assumptions used in our fair value measurements and evaluate the level of the valuation input according to the fair value hierarchy. This may result in a transfer between levels in the hierarchy from period to period. As of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2017, we did not have any Level 1 derivative contracts. No amounts were transferred between levels in the fair value hierarchy.

All of the Company's derivative instruments are carried at fair value in the statements of financial position prior to considering master netting agreements.

Novelis Inc.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) - (Continued)

The following table presents our derivative assets and liabilities which were measured and recognized at fair value on a recurring basis and classified under the appropriate level of the fair value hierarchy as of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2017 (in millions). The table below also discloses the net fair value of the derivative instruments after considering the impact of master netting agreements.



	December 31, 2017						March 31, 2017
	Assets			Liabilities			Assets			Liabilities
Level 2 instruments
Aluminum contracts	$	76		$	(154	)	$	58		$	(138	)
Currency exchange contracts	39			(42		)	56			(17		)
Energy contracts	2			(2		)	1			—
Total level 2 instruments	117			(198		)	115			(155		)
Level 3 instruments
Energy contracts	—			(7		)	—			(9		)
Total level 3 instruments	—			(7		)	—			(9		)
Total gross	$	117		$	(205	)	$	115		$	(164	)
Netting adjustment (A)	$	(64	)	$	64		$	(46	)	$	46
Total net	$	53		$	(141	)	$	69		$	(118	)

_________________________


(A)	Amounts represent the impact of legally enforceable master netting agreements that allow the Company to settle positive and negative positions with the same counterparties.

We recognized unrealized gains of $2 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2017 related to Level 3 financial instruments that were still held as of December 31, 2017. These unrealized gains were included in “Other (income) expense, net.”

The following table presents a reconciliation of fair value activity for Level 3 derivative contracts (in millions).



	Level 3 – Derivative Instruments (A)
Balance as of March 31, 2017	$	(9	)
Unrealized/realized gain included in earnings (B)	4
Unrealized loss included in AOCI (C)	—
Settlements (B)	(2		)
Balance as of December 31, 2017	$	(7	)

_________________________


(A)	Represents net derivative liabilities.


(B)	Included in “Other (income) expense, net.”


(C)	Included in "Change in fair value of effective portion of cash flow hedges, net"

Novelis Inc.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) - (Continued)

Financial Instruments Not Recorded at Fair Value

The table below presents the estimated fair value of certain financial instruments not recorded at fair value on a recurring basis (in millions). The table excludes short-term financial assets and liabilities for which we believe carrying value approximates fair value. We value long-term receivables and long-term debt using Level 2 inputs. Valuations are based on either market and/or broker ask prices when available or on a standard credit adjusted discounted cash flow model using market observable inputs.



	December 31, 2017				March 31, 2017
	Carrying Value		Fair Value		Carrying Value		Fair Value
Assets
Long-term receivables from related parties	$	10	$	10	$	15	$	14
Liabilities
Total debt — third parties (excluding short-term borrowings)	$	4,488	$	4,689	$	4,558	$	4,797

Novelis Inc.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) - (Continued)

13. OTHER (INCOME) EXPENSE, NET

“Other (income) expense, net” is comprised of the following (in millions).



	Three Months Ended December 31,						Nine Months Ended December 31,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Currency gains, net (A)	$	—		$	(2	)	$	—		$	(1	)
Unrealized gains on change in fair value of derivative instruments, net (B)	(15		)	(21		)	(13		)	(18		)
Realized losses on change in fair value of derivative instruments, net (B)	5			19			15			42
Loss (gain) on sale of assets, net	2			(2		)	4			4
Loss on Brazilian tax litigation, net (C)	—			1			2			4
Interest income	(2		)	(2		)	(6		)	(7		)
Other, net	4			4			5			12
Other (income) expense, net (D)	$	(6	)	$	(3	)	$	7		$	36

_________________________


(A)	See Note 9 — Currency (Gains) Losses for further details.


(B)	See Note 10 — Financial Instruments and Commodity Contracts for further details.


(C)	See Note 15 — Commitments and Contingencies – Brazil Tax and Legal Matters for further details.

(D)

We have reclassified the "Loss on sale of a business" for the nine months ended December 31, 2016 of $27 million from "Other (income) expense, net" to "(Gain) loss on sale of a business, net" in the condensed consolidated statement of operations for presentation purposes. In September 2016, we sold our equity interest in Aluminium Company of Malaysia Berhad (ALCOM), a previously consolidated subsidiary. The sale resulted in a loss of $27 million during the three months ended September 30, 2016.

Novelis Inc.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) - (Continued)

14. INCOME TAXES

A reconciliation of the Canadian statutory tax rate to our effective tax rate was as follows (in millions, except percentages).



	Three Months Ended December 31,						Nine Months Ended December 31,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Pre-tax income before equity in net (income) loss of non-consolidated affiliates and noncontrolling interests	$	125		$	119		$	692		$	117
Canadian statutory tax rate	25		%	25		%	25		%	25		%
Provision at the Canadian statutory rate	$	31		$	30		$	173		$	29
Increase (decrease) for taxes on income (loss) resulting from:
Exchange translation items	2			3			8			7
Exchange remeasurement of deferred income taxes	(3		)	—			(3		)	6
Change in valuation allowances	7			6			10			49
Tax credits	(8		)	—			(14		)	—
Income items not subject to tax	(4		)	(2		)	(4		)	—
Tax gain, net	—			—			—			9
Dividends not subject to tax	—			—			—			(23		)
Legislative changes including enacted tax rates	(18		)	—			(18		)	3
Tax rate differences on foreign earnings	9			10			22			25
Uncertain tax positions	2			3			5			4
Other — net	2			(3		)	—			1
Income tax provision	$	20		$	47		$	179		$	110
Effective tax rate	16		%	39		%	26		%	94		%

The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Act”) was enacted on December 22, 2017. Among its numerous changes, the Act reduces the Company’s U.S. corporate rate from 35% to 21% effective January 1, 2018. The result is a blended U.S. corporate rate of 31.55% for fiscal year 2018. The impact of the lower statutory rate applied to year-to-date earnings has been recorded in the period ended December 31, 2017. Also recorded in the same period is an estimated non-cash income tax benefit of $18 million for the remeasurement of deferred tax assets and liabilities to reflect the anticipated rate at which the deferred items will be realized. The following information is needed to complete the accounting for the remeasurement of deferred tax assets and liabilities.


•	Determination of state conformity


•	Changes in temporary differences for the impact of obligations for which companies measure on an annual basis based on actuarial reports.


•	Actual reversals of temporary differences through March 31, 2018

Based on an initial assessment of the Act, the Company believes that most significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements is the remeasurement of deferred tax assets and liabilities. Other provisions of the Act are not expected to have a material impact on the fiscal year 2018 consolidated financial statements.

Our effective tax rate differs from the Canadian statutory rate primarily due to the following factors: (1) pre-tax foreign currency gains or losses with no tax effect and the tax effect of U.S. dollar denominated currency gains or losses with no pre-tax effect, which are shown above as exchange translation items; (2) the remeasurement of deferred income taxes due to foreign currency changes, which is shown above as exchange remeasurement of deferred income taxes; (3) changes in valuation allowances; (4) remeasurement of deferred taxes for recently enacted tax reform; (5) differences between Canadian and foreign statutory tax rates applied to earnings in foreign jurisdictions and foreign withholding tax expense shown above as tax rate differences on foreign earnings.

As of December 31, 2017, we had a net deferred tax liability of $47 million. This amount included gross deferred tax assets of approximately $1.1 billion and a valuation allowance of $696 million. It is reasonably possible that our estimates of future taxable income may change within the next 12 months, resulting in a change to the valuation allowance in one or more jurisdictions.

Novelis Inc.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) - (Continued)

Tax authorities continue to examine certain of our tax filings for fiscal years 2005 through 2017. As a result of audit settlements, judicial decisions, the filing of amended tax returns or the expiration of statutes of limitations, our reserves for unrecognized tax benefits, as well as reserves for interest and penalties, may decrease in the next 12 months by an amount up to approximately $17 million.

Novelis Inc.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) - (Continued)

15. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

We are party to, and may in the future be involved in, or subject to, disputes, claims and proceedings arising in the ordinary course of our business, including some we assert against others, such as environmental, health and safety, product liability, employee, tax, personal injury and other matters. We have established a liability with respect to contingencies for which a loss is probable and estimable. While the ultimate resolution of, liability and costs related to these matters cannot be determined with certainty, we do not believe any of these pending actions, individually or in the aggregate, will materially impair our operations or materially affect our financial condition or liquidity.

For certain matters in which the Company is involved for which a loss is reasonably possible, we are unable to estimate a loss. For certain other matters for which a loss is reasonably possible and the loss is estimable, we have estimated the aggregated range of loss as $0 to $110 million. This estimated aggregate range of reasonably possible losses is based upon currently available information. The Company’s estimates involve significant judgment, and therefore, the estimate will change from time to time and actual losses may differ from the current estimate. We review the status of, and estimated liability related to, pending claims and civil actions on a quarterly basis. The evaluation model includes all asserted and unasserted claims that can be reasonably identified, including claims relating to our responsibility for compliance with environmental, health and safety laws and regulations in the jurisdictions in which we operate or formerly operated. The estimated costs in respect of such reported liabilities are not offset by amounts related to insurance or indemnification arrangements unless otherwise noted.

The following describes certain contingencies relating to our business, including those for which we assumed liability as a result of our spin-off from Alcan Inc.

Environmental Matters

We own and operate numerous manufacturing and other facilities in various countries around the world. Our operations are subject to environmental laws and regulations from various jurisdictions, which govern, among other things, air emissions, wastewater discharges, the handling, storage and disposal of hazardous substances and wastes, the remediation of contaminated sites, post-mining reclamation and restoration of natural resources, and employee health and safety. Future environmental regulations may impose stricter compliance requirements on the industries in which we operate. Additional equipment or process changes at some of our facilities may be needed to meet future requirements. The cost of meeting these requirements may be significant. Failure to comply with such laws and regulations could subject us to administrative, civil or criminal penalties, obligations to pay damages or other costs, and injunctions and other orders, including orders to cease operations.

We are involved in proceedings under the U.S. Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act, also known as CERCLA or Superfund, or analogous state provisions regarding liability arising from the usage, storage, treatment or disposal of hazardous substances and wastes at a number of sites in the United States, as well as similar proceedings under the laws and regulations of the other jurisdictions in which we have operations, including Brazil and certain countries in the European Union. Many of these jurisdictions have laws that impose joint and several liability, without regard to fault or the legality of the original conduct, for the costs of environmental remediation, natural resource damages, third party claims, and other expenses. In addition, we are, from time to time, subject to environmental reviews and investigations by relevant governmental authorities. We are also involved in claims and litigation filed on behalf of persons alleging exposure to substances and other hazards at our current and former facilities.

We have established liabilities based on our estimates for the currently anticipated costs associated with these environmental matters. We estimated that the remaining undiscounted clean-up costs related to our environmental liabilities as of December 31, 2017 were approximately $15 million, of which $7 million was included in “Other long-term liabilities” and the remaining $8 million in “Accrued expenses and other current liabilities”. Of the total $15 million, $11 million was associated with restructuring actions and the remaining undiscounted clean-up costs were approximately $4 million. As of March 31, 2017, $10 million of the environmental liability was included in “Other long-term liabilities,” with the remaining $5 million included in “Accrued expenses and other current liabilities” in our condensed consolidated balance sheet. Management has reviewed the environmental matters, including those for which we assumed liability as a result of our spin-off from Alcan Inc. As a result of management's review of these items, management has determined that the currently anticipated costs associated with these environmental matters will not, individually or in the aggregate, materially impact our operations or materially adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations or liquidity.

Novelis Inc.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) - (Continued)

Brazil Tax and Legal Matters

Under a federal tax dispute settlement program established by the Brazilian government, we have settled several disputes with Brazil’s tax authorities regarding various forms of manufacturing taxes and social security contributions. In most cases, we are paying the settlement amounts over a period of 180 months, although in some cases we are paying the settlement amounts over a shorter period. The assets and liabilities related to these settlements, as well as proceedings with labor courts and designated civil courts, are presented in the table below (in millions).



	December 31, 2017		March 31, 2017
Cash deposits (A)	$	7	$	7

Short-term settlement liability (B)	$	9	$	9
Long-term settlement liability (B)	51		59
Total settlement liability	$	60	$	68

Liability for other disputes and claims (C)	$	28	$	22

_________________________

(A)

Effective in the third quarter of fiscal 2018, management defines “Cash deposits” to include cash deposits related to tax, labor, and civil disputes. To conform with current year presentation, we have updated prior period amounts to also include cash deposits related to labor and civil disputes. We have maintained these cash deposits as a result of legal proceedings with Brazil's tax authorities, labor courts, or designated civil courts. These deposits, which are included in “Other long-term assets - third parties” in our accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets, will be expended toward these legal proceedings.


(B)	The short-term and long-term settlement liabilities are included in "Accrued expenses and other current liabilities" and "Other long-term liabilities", respectively, in our accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.


(C)	In addition to the disputes we have settled under the federal tax dispute settlement program, we are involved in several other unresolved tax and other legal claims in Brazil. The related liabilities are included in "Other long-term liabilities" in our accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

The interest cost recorded on these settlement liabilities, partially offset by interest earned on the cash deposits is included in the table below (in millions).



	Three Months Ended December 31,				Nine Months Ended December 31,
	2017		2016		2017		2016
Loss on Brazilian tax litigation, net	$	—	$	1	$	2	$	4

Additionally, we have included in the range of reasonably possible losses disclosed above, any unresolved tax disputes or other contingencies for which a loss is reasonably possible and estimable.

Other Commitments

We sell and repurchase inventory with third parties in an attempt to better manage inventory levels and to better match the purchasing of inventory with the demand for our products. We sell certain inventories to third parties and agree to repurchase the same or similar inventory back from the third parties at market prices subsequent to balance sheet dates. Our estimated outstanding repurchase obligations for this inventory as of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2017 was approximately $10 million and $12 million, respectively, based on market prices as of the balance sheet dates. As of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2017, there were no liabilities related to these repurchase obligations recorded in our accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Novelis Inc.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) - (Continued)

16. SEGMENT, MAJOR CUSTOMER AND MAJOR SUPPLIER INFORMATION

Segment Information

Due in part to the regional nature of supply and demand of aluminum rolled products and to best serve our customers, we manage our activities based on geographical areas and are organized under four operating segments: North America, Europe, Asia and South America. All of our segments manufacture aluminum sheet and light gauge products.

The following is a description of our operating segments:

North America. Headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia, this segment operates eight plants, including two fully dedicated recycling facilities and one facility with recycling operations, in two countries.

Europe. Headquartered in Küsnacht, Switzerland, this segment operates ten plants, including two fully dedicated recycling facilities and two facilities with recycling operations, in four countries.

Asia. Headquartered in Seoul, South Korea, this segment operates four plants, including three facilities with recycling operations, in three countries.

South America. Headquartered in Sao Paulo, Brazil, this segment comprises power generation operations, and operates two plants, including a facility with recycling operations, in Brazil. The majority of our power generation operations were sold during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2015.

Net sales and expenses are measured in accordance with the policies and procedures described in Note 1 — Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies see in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2017.

We measure the profitability and financial performance of our operating segments based on “Segment income.” “Segment income” provides a measure of our underlying segment results that is in line with our approach to risk management. We define “Segment income” as earnings before (a) “depreciation and amortization”; (b) “interest expense and amortization of debt issuance costs”; (c) “interest income”; (d) unrealized gains (losses) on change in fair value of derivative instruments, net, except for foreign currency remeasurement hedging activities, which are included in segment income; (e) impairment of goodwill; (f) gain or loss on extinguishment of debt; (g) noncontrolling interests' share; (h) adjustments to reconcile our proportional share of “Segment income” from non-consolidated affiliates to income as determined on the equity method of accounting; (i) “restructuring and impairment, net”; (j) gains or losses on disposals of property, plant and equipment and businesses, net; (k) other costs, net; (l) litigation settlement, net of insurance recoveries; (m) sale transaction fees; (n) provision or benefit for taxes on income (loss); (o) cumulative effect of accounting change, net of tax; and (p) metal price lag.

The tables below show selected segment financial information (in millions). The “Eliminations and Other” column in the table below includes eliminations and functions that are managed directly from our corporate office that have not been allocated to our operating segments, as well as the adjustments for proportional consolidation, and eliminations of intersegment “Net sales.” The financial information for our segments includes the results of our affiliates on a proportionately consolidated basis, which is consistent with the way we manage our business segments. In order to reconcile the financial information for the segments shown in the tables below to the relevant U.S. GAAP-based measures, we must adjust proportional consolidation of each line item. The “Eliminations and Other” in “Net sales – third party” includes the net sales attributable to our joint venture party, Tri-Arrows, for our Logan affiliate because we consolidate 100% of the Logan joint venture for U.S. GAAP, but we manage our Logan affiliate on a proportionately consolidated basis. See Note 4 — Consolidation for further information about this affiliate. Additionally, we eliminate intersegment sales and intersegment income for reporting on a consolidated basis.

Novelis Inc.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) - (Continued)

Selected Segment Financial Information



December 31, 2017	North America		Europe		Asia		South America		Eliminations and Other		Total
Investment in and advances to non–consolidated affiliates	$	—	$	508	$	323	$	—	$	—	$	831
Total assets	$	2,575	$	2,957	$	1,812	$	1,726	$	205	$	9,275



March 31, 2017	North America		Europe		Asia		South America		Eliminations and Other		Total
Investment in and advances to non–consolidated affiliates	$	—	$	451	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	451
Total assets	$	2,359	$	2,683	$	1,602	$	1,637	$	93	$	8,374



Selected Operating Results Three Months Ended December 31, 2017	North America			Europe			Asia		South America		Eliminations and Other			Total
Net sales-third party	$	985		$	820		$	533	$	542	$	205		$	3,085
Net sales-intersegment	1			17			14		25		(57		)	—
Net sales	$	986		$	837		$	547	$	567	$	148		$	3,085

Depreciation and amortization	$	37		$	29		$	18	$	16	$	(14	)	$	86
Income tax (benefit) provision	$	(11	)	$	(6	)	$	9	$	18	$	10		$	20
Capital expenditures	$	19		$	19		$	7	$	10	$	(1	)	$	54



Selected Operating Results Three Months Ended December 31, 2016	North America		Europe		Asia		South America		Eliminations and Other			Total
Net sales-third party	$	789	$	684	$	409	$	386	$	45		$	2,313
Net sales-intersegment	—		9		3		13		(25		)	—
Net sales	$	789	$	693	$	412	$	399	$	20		$	2,313

Depreciation and amortization	$	38	$	25	$	14	$	15	$	(4	)	$	88
Income tax provision	$	8	$	8	$	3	$	19	$	9		$	47
Capital expenditures	$	20	$	16	$	10	$	9	$	(7	)	$	48



Selected Operating Results Nine Months Ended December 31, 2017	North America		Europe		Asia		South America		Eliminations and Other			Total
Net sales - third party	$	2,878	$	2,480	$	1,533	$	1,348	$	309		$	8,548
Net sales - intersegment	17		39		32		62		(150		)	—
Net sales	$	2,895	$	2,519	$	1,565	$	1,410	$	159		$	8,548

Depreciation and amortization	$	112	$	83	$	47	$	48	$	(23	)	$	267
Income tax provision	$	10	$	5	$	98	$	54	$	12		$	179
Capital expenditures	$	52	$	40	$	19	$	22	$	3		$	136

Novelis Inc.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) - (Continued)



Selected Operating Results Nine Months Ended December 31, 2016	North America		Europe		Asia		South America		Eliminations and Other			Total
Net sales - third party	$	2,305	$	2,158	$	1,305	$	1,044	$	158		$	6,970
Net sales - intersegment	2		31		9		46		(88		)	—
Net sales	$	2,307	$	2,189	$	1,314	$	1,090	$	70		$	6,970

Depreciation and amortization	$	112	$	79	$	44	$	46	$	(14	)	$	267
Income tax provision	$	2	$	11	$	16	$	58	$	23		$	110
Capital expenditures	$	47	$	49	$	24	$	28	$	(10	)	$	138

The table below reconciles “Net income (loss) attributable to our common shareholder” to segment income from reportable segments for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 (in millions).



	Three Months Ended December 31, 2017						Nine Months Ended December 31, 2017
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Net income (loss) attributable to our common shareholder	$	121		$	63		$	529		$	(2	)
Noncontrolling interests	(16		)	1			(16		)	1
Income tax provision	20			47			179			110
Depreciation and amortization	86			88			267			267
Interest expense and amortization of debt issuance costs	64			67			192			231
Adjustment to reconcile proportional consolidation	17			4			33			20
Unrealized gains on change in fair value of derivative instruments, net	(15		)	(21		)	(13		)	(18		)
Realized losses (gains) on derivative instruments not included in segment income	1			(1		)	—			(2		)
Gain on assets held for sale	—			—			—			(2		)
Loss on extinguishment of debt	—			—			—			112
Restructuring and impairment, net	25			1			33			4
Losses (gains) on sale of fixed assets	2			(2		)	4			4
(Gain) loss on sale of a business (A)	—			—			(318		)	27
Metal price lag (B)	(1		)	4			5			32
Other, net	1			4			1			10
Total of reportable segments	$	305		$	255		$	896		$	794

_________________________


(A)	In September 2017, Novelis Korea Ltd., a subsidiary of Novelis Inc., sold a portion of its shares in Ulsan Aluminum, Ltd. (UAL) for $314 million, which resulted in a gain on sale of investments. For additional information related to the transaction, see Note 5 — Investment in and Advances to Non-Consolidated Affiliates and Related Party Transactions.

(B)

Effective in the first quarter of fiscal 2018, management removed the impact of metal price lag from Segment Income in order to enhance the visibility of the underlying operating performance of the Company. The impact of metal price lag is now reported as a separate line item in this reconciliation. This change does not impact our condensed consolidated financial statements. Segment Income for prior periods presented has been updated to reflect this change. For additional information related to metal price lag, see Note 10 — Financial Instruments and Commodity Contracts.

Novelis Inc.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) - (Continued)

“Adjustment to reconcile proportional consolidation” relates to depreciation, amortization and income taxes at our Aluminium Norf GmbH (Alunorf) and Ulsan Aluminum, Ltd. (UAL) joint ventures. Income taxes related to our equity method investments are reflected in the carrying value of the investment and not in our consolidated “Income tax provision.”

“Realized losses (gains) on derivative instruments not included in segment income” represents realized gains (losses) on foreign currency derivatives related to capital expenditures.

"Other, net" is related primarily to losses on certain indirect tax expenses in Brazil and interest income.

The table below displays income from reportable segments for the three months and nine months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.



	Three Months Ended December 31, 2017					Nine Months Ended December 31, 2017
	2017			2016		2017			2016
North America	$	111		$	90	$	351		$	276
Europe	50			44		158			150
Asia	43			40		124			132
South America	107			81		269			236
Intersegment eliminations	(6		)	—		(6		)	—
Total of reportable segments	$	305		$	255	$	896		$	794

Information about Major Customers and Primary Supplier

Major Customers

The table below shows our net sales to the Affiliates of Ball Corporation (Ball), Ford Motor Company (Ford), Crown Holdings Incorporated, formerly Crown Cork & Seal Company (Crown), our three largest customers, as a percentage of total “Net sales.”



	Three Months Ended December 31,				Nine Months Ended December 31,
	2017		2016		2017		2016
Ball (A)	21	%	26	%	21	%	27	%
Ford	10	%	11	%	10	%	10	%
Crown	8	%	10	%	9	%	10	%

_________________________


(A)	In fiscal 2017, Ball completed the acquisition of Rexam and the divestiture of certain assets to the Ardagh Group (Ardagh). We combined the sales of Ball and Rexam for presentation purposes. For the three and nine months ended December 31, 2017, combined sales to Ball, Rexam, and Ardagh totaled 29% of "Net Sales".

Primary Supplier

Rio Tinto (RT) is our primary supplier of metal inputs, including prime and sheet ingot. The table below shows our purchases from RT as a percentage of our total combined metal purchases.



	Three Months Ended December 31,				Nine Months Ended December 31,
	2017		2016		2017		2016
Purchases from RT as a percentage of total combined metal purchases	9	%	11	%	10	%	11	%

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

The following information should be read together with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report for a more complete understanding of our financial condition and results of operations. The following discussion contains forward-looking statements that reflect our plans, estimates and beliefs. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed in these forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to these differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed below, particularly in “SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS AND MARKET DATA.”

OVERVIEW AND REFERENCES

Novelis is the world's leading aluminum rolled products producer based on shipment volume in fiscal 2017. We produce aluminum sheet and light gauge products for use in the packaging market, which includes beverage and food can and foil products, as well as for use in the automotive, transportation, electronics, architectural and industrial product markets. We are also the world's largest recycler of aluminum and have recycling operations in many of our plants to recycle both post-consumer aluminum and post-industrial aluminum. As of December 31, 2017, we had manufacturing operations in ten countries on four continents, which include 24 operating plants, and recycling operations in eleven of these plants.

In this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, unless otherwise specified, the terms “we,” “our,” “us,” “Company,” and “Novelis” refer to Novelis Inc., a company incorporated in Canada under the Canadian Business Corporations Act (CBCA) and its subsidiaries. References herein to “Hindalco” refer to Hindalco Industries Limited, our indirect parent company, which acquired Novelis in May 2007, through its indirect wholly-owned subsidiary, AV Metals Inc., our direct parent company.

As used in this Quarterly Report, consolidated “aluminum rolled product shipments” or “flat rolled product shipments” refers to aluminum rolled products shipments to third parties. Regional “aluminum rolled product shipments” or “flat rolled product shipments” refers to aluminum rolled products shipments to third parties and intersegment shipments to other Novelis regions. Shipment amounts also include tolling shipments. References to “total shipments” include aluminum rolled products as well as certain other non-rolled product shipments, primarily scrap, used beverage cans (UBC), ingot, billets and primary remelt. The term “aluminum rolled products” is synonymous with the terms “flat rolled products” and “FRP” commonly used by manufacturers and third party analysts in our industry. All tonnages are stated in metric tonnes. One metric tonne (mt) is equivalent to 2,204.6 pounds. One kilotonne (kt) is 1,000 metric tonnes.

References to our Form 10-K made throughout this document refer to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2017, filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on May 10, 2017.

HIGHLIGHTS

We reported "Net income attributable to our common shareholder" of $121 million in the three months ended December 31, 2017, compared with "Net income attributable to our common shareholder" of $63 million in the three months ended December 31, 2016. The increase is primarily due to strong can and automotive demand combined with a focus on driving asset efficiency, strong global operational performance and diligent operating cost management. As a result of this, net sales and shipments were up 33% and 6%, respectively, in the three months ended December 31, 2017 and the three months ended December 31, 2016. Additionally, our focus on optimizing our product portfolio continues to contribute to higher net income.

We achieved record "Segment income" of $305 million (an increase of 20%) for the third quarter of fiscal 2018 compared with "Segment income" of $255 million for the third quarter of fiscal 2017. The increase is primarily due to the factors noted above. Also, as a result of these factors, net cash provided by operating activities was $237 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2017, an improvement of $86 million from the prior comparable period.

BUSINESS AND INDUSTRY CLIMATE

Economic growth and material substitution continue to drive increasing global demand for aluminum and rolled

products. Global can sheet overcapacity, increased competition from Chinese suppliers of flat rolled aluminum products, and customer consolidation are also adding downward pricing pressures in the can sheet market.

Meanwhile, the demand for aluminum in the automotive industry continues to grow, which drove the investments we made in our automotive sheet finishing capacity in North America, Europe and Asia. This demand has been primarily driven by the benefits that result from using lighter weight materials in the vehicles, as companies respond to government regulations, which are driving improved emissions and better fuel economy; while also maintaining or improving vehicle safety and performance.

Key Sales and Shipment Trends



(in millions, except shipments which are in kt)	Three Months Ended												Year Ended			Three Months Ended
	June 30, 2016			Sept 30, 2016			Dec 31, 2016			March 31, 2017			March 31, 2017			June 30, 2017			Sept 30, 2017			Dec 31, 2017
Net sales	$	2,296		$	2,361		$	2,313		$	2,621		$	9,591		$	2,669		$	2,794		$	3,085
Percentage (decrease) increase in net sales versus comparable previous year period	(13		)%	(5		)%	(2		)%	9		%	(3		)%	16		%	18		%	33		%
Rolled product shipments:
North America	242			252			247			269			1,010			273			274			269
Europe	246			236			226			235			943			235			237			222
Asia	178			176			162			174			690			180			180			177
South America	103			121			125			125			474			110			131			146
Eliminations	(14		)	(12		)	(10		)	(14		)	(50		)	(13		)	(20		)	(18		)
Total	755			773			750			789			3,067			785			802			796

The following summarizes the percentage (decrease) increase in rolled product shipments versus the comparable previous year period:
North America	(7		)%	(6		)%	(2		)%	8		%	(2		)%	13		%	9		%	9		%
Europe	(2		)%	(6		)%	(3		)%	(4		)%	(4		)%	(4		)%	—		%	(2		)%
Asia	(8		)%	(6		)%	(16		)%	(7		)%	(9		)%	1		%	2		%	9		%
South America	(4		)%	3		%	(5		)%	(7		)%	(3		)%	7		%	8		%	17		%
Total	(2		)%	(2		)%	(4		)%	—		%	(2		)%	4		%	4		%	6		%

Business Model and Key Concepts

Conversion Business Model

A significant amount of our business is conducted under a conversion model, which allows us to pass through increases or decreases in the price of aluminum to our customers. Nearly all of our flat-rolled products have a price structure with three components: (i) a base aluminum price quoted off the LME; (ii) a local market premium; and (iii) a “conversion premium” to produce the rolled product which reflects, among other factors, the competitive market conditions for that product. Base aluminum prices are typically driven by macroeconomic factors and global supply and demand of aluminum. The local market premiums tend to vary based on the supply and demand for metal in a particular region and associated transportation costs.

In North America, Europe and South America, we pass through local market premiums to our customers which are recorded through "Net sales." In Asia we purchase our metal inputs based on the LME and incur a local market premium; however, many of our competitors in this region price their metal off the Shanghai Futures Exchange, which does not include a local market premium, making it difficult for us to fully pass through this component of our metal input cost to some of our customers.

LME Base Aluminum Prices and Local Market Premiums

The average (based on the simple average of the monthly averages) and closing prices for aluminum set on the LME for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 are as follows:



	Three Months Ended December 31,				Percent		Nine Months Ended December 31,				Percent
	2017		2016		Change		2017		2016		Change
London Metal Exchange Prices
Aluminum (per metric tonne, and presented in U.S. dollars):
Closing cash price as of beginning of period	$	2,111	$	1,659	27	%	$	1,947	$	1,492	30	%
Average cash price during the period	$	2,101	$	1,710	23	%	$	2,008	$	1,634	23	%
Closing cash price as of end of period	$	2,242	$	1,714	31	%	$	2,242	$	1,714	31	%

The weighted average local market premium was as follows for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 are as follows:



	Three Months Ended December 31,				Percent		Nine Months Ended December 31,				Percent
	2017		2016		Change		2017		2016		Change
Weighted average Local Market Premium (per metric tonne, and presented in U.S. dollars)	$	180	$	144	25	%	$	168	$	142	18	%

Metal Price Lag and Related Hedging Activities

Increases or decreases in the price of aluminum based on the average LME base aluminum prices and local market premiums directly impact “Net sales,” “Cost of goods sold (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)” and working capital. The timing of these impacts varies based on contractual arrangements with customers and metal suppliers in each region. These timing impacts are referred to as metal price lag. Metal price lag exists due to: (i) the period of time between the pricing of our purchases of metal, holding and processing the metal, and the pricing of the sale of finished inventory to our customers, and (ii) certain customer contracts containing fixed forward price commitments which result in exposure to changes in metal prices for the period of time between when our sales price fixes and the sale actually occurs.

We use LME aluminum forward contracts to preserve our conversion margins and manage the timing differences associated with the LME base metal component of “Net sales,” and “Cost of goods sold (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)." These derivatives directly hedge the economic risk of future LME base metal price fluctuations to better match the purchase price of metal with the sales price of metal. The derivative market for local market premiums is not robust or efficient enough for us to offset the impacts of LMP price movements beyond a very small volume. As a consequence, volatility in local market premiums can have a significant impact on our results of operations and cash flows. Reduced volatility of local market premiums reduced the amount of metal price lag for the nine months ended December 31, 2017.

We elect to apply hedge accounting to better match the recognition of gains or losses on certain derivative instruments with the recognition of the underlying exposure being hedged in the statement of operations. For undesignated metal derivatives, there are timing differences between the recognition of unrealized gains or losses on the derivatives and the recognition of the underlying exposure in the statement of operations. The recognition of unrealized gains and losses on undesignated metal derivative positions typically precedes inventory cost recognition, customer delivery and revenue recognition. The timing difference between the recognition of unrealized gains and losses on undesignated metal derivatives and cost or revenue recognition impacts “Income before income taxes” and “Net income (loss).” Gains and losses on metal derivative contracts are not recognized in “Segment income” until realized.

Foreign Currency and Related Hedging Activities

We operate a global business and conduct business in various currencies around the world. We have exposure to foreign currency risk as fluctuations in foreign exchange rates impact our operating results as we translate the operating results from various functional currencies into our U.S. dollar reporting currency at the current average rates. We also record foreign exchange remeasurement gains and losses when business transactions are denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of that operation. The following table presents the exchange rates as of the end of each period and the average of the month-end exchange rates for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016:




	Exchange Rate as of		Average Exchange Rate		Average Exchange Rate
	December 31, 2017	March 31, 2017	Three Months Ended December 31,		Nine Months Ended December 31,
	December 31, 2017	March 31, 2017	2017	2016	2017	2016
U.S. dollar per Euro	1.201	1.068	1.185	1.070	1.163	1.104
Brazilian real per U.S. dollar	3.308	3.168	3.282	3.279	3.227	3.313
South Korean won per U.S. dollar	1,071	1,116	1,093	1,174	1,118	1,151
Canadian dollar per U.S. dollar	1.254	1.329	1.278	1.343	1.288	1.313
Swiss franc per Euro	1.171	1.069	1.168	1.079	1.133	1.088

Exchange rate movements have an impact on our operating results. In Europe, where we have predominantly local currency selling prices and operating costs, we benefit as the Euro strengthens, but are adversely affected as the Euro weakens. In South Korea, where we have local currency operating costs and U.S. dollar denominated selling prices for exports, we benefit as the won weakens but are adversely affected as the won strengthens. In Brazil, where we have predominately U.S. dollar selling prices and local currency manufacturing costs, we benefit as the real weakens, but are adversely affected as the real strengthens.

We use foreign exchange forward contracts and cross-currency swaps to manage our exposure arising from recorded assets and liabilities, firm commitments, and forecasted cash flows denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of certain operations, which include capital expenditures and net investment in foreign subsidiaries. There was no earnings impact of foreign exchange remeasurement, net of related hedges, in the third quarter of fiscal 2018, and a net currency gain of $2 million during the third quarter of fiscal 2017. The movement of currency exchange rates during the third quarter of fiscal 2018 and fiscal 2017 resulted in $4 million of net unrealized gains and less than $4 million of net unrealized losses, respectively, on undesignated foreign currency derivatives.

See Segment Review below for the impact of foreign currency on each of our segments.

Recent Developments

On January 31, 2018, our subsidiary, Novelis Switzerland SA, entered into a framework agreement with a subsidiary of Constellium N.V. (Constellium). Under the agreement, the parties agreed that (i) Novelis will purchase from Constellium all of the real and personal property we lease at our Sierre, Switzerland rolling facility for an aggregate purchase price of €195 million, (ii) Constellium will create a service company that will be jointly owned and operated by the parties to provide certain services to the parties at the Sierre facility, and Novelis will acquire from Constellium a 50% interest in the service company for an aggregate purchase price of €5 million, and (iii) under two commercial arrangements, Constellium will provide ingots to Novelis on a tolling basis and Novelis will provide rolled products to Constellium on a tolling basis, respectively. The parties also agreed to suspend, until the closing of the transactions described in the agreement, the arbitration proceedings currently before the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) regarding the existing arrangements between them. At the closing of the transactions, the parties will release all of the claims between them, including the claims subject to the ICC arbitration.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Three Months Ended December 31, 2017 compared to the Three Months Ended December 31, 2016

“Net sales” increased $772 million, or 33%, driven by a 23% increase in average base aluminum prices and a 25% increase in average local market premiums. The increase was also due to a 6% increase in flat rolled product shipments, including a favorable impact from our strategic shift to higher conversion premium products.

“Cost of goods sold (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)” increased $722 million, or 38%, due to higher average aluminum prices and a 6% increase in flat rolled product shipments. Total metal input costs included in "Cost of goods sold (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)” increased $542 million.

“Income before income taxes” for the three months ended December 31, 2017 was $125 million, compared to a $111 million "Income before income taxes" in the three months ended December 31, 2016. In addition to the factors noted above, the following additional items affected “Income before income taxes”:


•	"Restructuring and impairment, net" of $25 million for the three months ended December 31, 2017 primarily related to restructuring actions in Europe. We incurred $1 million of restructuring for the three months ended December 31, 2016 primarily related to severance charges.


•	Net gains related to changes in the fair value of other unrealized derivative instruments was $15 million compared to $21 million of gains in the same period in the prior year, which is reported as "Other (income) expense, net"; and


•	An increase in "Selling, general and administrative expenses" primarily related to an increase in fair value of LTIP awards and an increase in factoring expense.

We recognized $20 million of tax expense for the three months ended December 31, 2017, which resulted in an effective tax rate of 16%, primarily due to a non-cash income tax benefit of $18 million for the remeasurement of deferred tax assets and liabilities in accordance with the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act offset by the results of operations and tax rate differences in foreign earnings. We recognized $47 million of tax expense for the three months ended December 31, 2016, primarily due to tax rate differences in foreign earnings and tax losses in jurisdictions where we believe it to be more likely than not that we will not be able to utilize those losses and therefore have a valuation allowance recorded.

We reported “Net income attributable to our common shareholder” of $121 million and $63 million for the three months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, primarily as a result of the factors discussed above.

Segment Review

Due in part to the regional nature of supply and demand of aluminum rolled products and in order to best serve our customers, we manage our activities on the basis of geographical regions and are organized under four operating segments: North America, Europe, Asia and South America.

See Note 16 - Segment, Major Customer and Major Supplier information for our definition of segment income, a reconciliation of “Net income (loss) attributable to our common shareholder” to segment income and segment income by region for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

The tables below show selected segment financial information (in millions, except shipments which are in kt). For additional financial information related to our operating segments, see Note 16 — Segment, Major Customer and Major Supplier Information. In order to reconcile the financial information for the segments shown in the tables below to the relevant U.S. GAAP-based measures, "Eliminations and Other" adjusts for proportional consolidation of each line item, and eliminates intersegment shipments (in kt) and intersegment "Net sales."



Selected Operating Results Three Months Ended December 31, 2017	North America		Europe		Asia		South America		Eliminations and Other			Total
Net sales	$	986	$	837	$	547	$	567	$	148		$	3,085
Shipments
Rolled products - third party	268		217		173		138		—			796
Rolled products - intersegment	1		5		4		8		(18		)	—
Total rolled products	269		222		177		146		(18		)	796
Non-rolled products	—		1		2		38		—			41
Total shipments	269		223		179		184		(18		)	837



Selected Operating Results Three Months Ended December 31, 2016	North America		Europe		Asia		South America		Eliminations and Other			Total
Net sales	$	789	$	693	$	412	$	399	$	20		$	2,313
Shipments
Rolled products - third party	247		222		161		120		—			750
Rolled products - intersegment	—		4		1		5		(10		)	—
Total rolled products	247		226		162		125		(10		)	750
Non-rolled products	—		1		2		28		—			31
Total shipments	247		227		164		153		(10		)	781

The following table reconciles changes in “Segment income” for the three months ended December 31, 2016 to the three months ended December 31, 2017 (in millions).



Changes in Segment income	North America			Europe			Asia			South America			Eliminations (A)			Total
Segment income - Three Months Ended December 31, 2016 (B)	$	90		$	44		$	40		$	81		$	—		$	255
Volume	23			(3		)	11			23			(8		)	46
Conversion premium and product mix	7			2			(9		)	(2		)	3			1
Conversion costs (C)	(2		)	3			1			9			4			15
Foreign exchange	—			6			—			(3		)	—			3
Selling, general & administrative and research & development costs (D)	(11		)	(2		)	—			(8		)	(4		)	(25		)
Other changes (E)	4			—			—			7			(1		)	10
Segment income - Three Months Ended December 31, 2017	$	111		$	50		$	43		$	107		$	(6	)	$	305

_________________________


(A)	The recognition of "Segment income" by a region on an intersegment shipment could occur in a period prior to the recognition of "Segment income" on a consolidated basis, depending on the timing of when the inventory is sold to the

third party customer. The "Eliminations" column adjusts regional "Segment income" for intersegment shipments that occur in a period prior to recognition of "Segment income" on a consolidated basis. The "Eliminations" column also reflects adjustments for changes in regional volume, conversion premium and product mix, and conversion costs related to intersegment shipments for consolidation.


(B)	Effective in the first quarter of fiscal 2018, management removed the impact of metal price lag from Segment Income in order to enhance the visibility of the underlying operating performance of the Company. This change does not impact our condensed consolidated financial statements. Segment information for prior periods presented has been updated to reflect this change.


(C)	Conversion costs include expenses incurred in production such as direct and indirect labor, energy, freight, scrap usage, alloys and hardeners, coatings, alumina, melt loss, the benefit of utilizing scrap and other metal costs. Fluctuations in this component reflect cost efficiencies (inefficiencies) during the period as well as cost (inflation) deflation.


(D)	Selling, general & administrative costs and research & development costs include costs incurred directly by each segment and all corporate related costs.


(E)	The State of Espirito Santo grants an indirect tax incentive (ICMS) for companies who fulfill certain requirements. According to this incentive, the Company can recognize a presumed ICMS credit, thus reducing the amounts due to the State. The mentioned incentive is recorded in our consolidated results of operations.

North America

“Net sales” increased $197 million, or 25%, due to higher average aluminum prices, higher can and automotive shipments due to customer demand.

“Segment income” was $111 million, an increase of 23%, primarily due to higher automotive and can volumes and favorable product mix as a result of our portfolio optimization efforts, partially offset by higher selling, general and administrative expenses.

Europe

“Net sales” increased $144 million, or 21%, due to higher average aluminum prices and higher automotive shipments partially offset by lower can and specialties shipments.

“Segment income” was $50 million, an increase of 14%, primarily reflecting foreign currency benefits and favorable product mix as a result of automotive shipment growth and other portfolio optimization efforts. These benefits were partially offset by lower can and specialty volumes.

Asia

“Net sales” increased $135 million, or 33%, due to higher average aluminum prices and higher can and automotive shipments, partially offset by lower can pricing.

“Segment income” was $43 million, a increase of 8%, primarily due to higher can and auto shipments. This was partially offset by lower can pricing.

South America

“Net sales” increased $168 million, or 42%, due to higher can and specialties shipments offset by unfavorable pricing due to higher exports.

“Segment income” was $107 million, an increase of 32%, primarily due to higher can and specialties volumes as well as lower metal input costs and favorable indirect tax incentives offset by higher selling, general and administrative costs.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Nine Months Ended December 31, 2017 compared to the Nine Months Ended December 31, 2016

“Net sales” increased $1,578 million or 23%, driven by a 23% increase in average base aluminum prices and an 18% increase in average local market premiums. The increase was also due to a 5% increase in flat rolled product shipments, including a favorable impact from our strategic shift to higher conversion premium products.

“Cost of goods sold (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)” increased $1,434 million, or 25%, due to an increase in flat rolled product shipments and higher average aluminum prices. Total metal input costs included in "Cost of goods sold (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)” increased $1,263 million.

“Income before income taxes” for the nine months ended December 31, 2017 was $692 million, compared to a $109 million "Income before income taxes" in the nine months ended December 31, 2016. In addition to the factors noted above, the following additional items affected “Income before income taxes:”


•	A pre-tax gain on sale of a business of $318 million related to the purchase of shares of UAL by Kobe and the deconsolidation of the remaining assets to form the equity method investment in September 2017 compared to a loss of $27 million recognized on the sale of our interest in Aluminium Company of Malaysia Berhad in the prior year, which was report within (Gain) loss on sale of a business, net


•	"Loss on extinguishment of debt" in the prior year of $112 million relates to the extinguishment of our 2017 and 2020 Senior Notes in fiscal 2017;


•	A decline in interest expense of $39 million primarily due to lower interest rates resulting from the refinancing of the 2017 Notes, 2020 Notes and Term Loan in fiscal 2017;


•	"Restructuring and impairment, net" for the nine months ended December 31, 2017 was $33 million compared to $4 million of expenses in the same period of the prior year;


•	An increase in "Selling, general and administrative expenses " primarily related to an increase in fair value of LTIP awards and an increase in factoring expense; and


•	Increased stability in local market premiums which we are unable to hedge economically resulted in a $5 million metal price lag loss in the first nine months of this fiscal year compared to a $32 million loss in the prior year.

We recognized $179 million of tax expense for the nine months ended December 31, 2017, primarily due to a non-cash tax benefit of $18 million for the remeasurement of deferred tax assets and liabilities in accordance with the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act offset by the results of operations and tax rate differences in foreign earnings. We recognized $110 million of tax expense for the nine months ended December 31, 2016, primarily due to tax losses in jurisdictions where we believe it more likely than not that we will not be able to utilize those losses and therefore have a valuation allowance recorded and unfavorable foreign exchange translation and remeasurement of deferred income taxes, offset by dividends not subject to tax.

We reported “Net income attributable to our common shareholder” of $529 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2017 as compared to "Net loss attributable to our common shareholder" of $2 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2016, primarily as a result of the factors discussed above.

Segment Review



Selected Operating Results Nine Months Ended December 31, 2017	North America		Europe		Asia		South America		Eliminations and Other			Total
Net sales	$	2,895	$	2,519	$	1,565	$	1,410	$	159		$	8,548
Shipments
Rolled products - third party	809		682		527		365		—			2,383
Rolled products - intersegment	7		12		10		22		(51		)	—
Total rolled products	816		694		537		387		(51		)	2,383
Non-rolled products	—		5		6		97		—			108
Total shipments	816		699		543		484		(51		)	2,491



Selected Operating Results Nine Months Ended December 31, 2016	North America		Europe		Asia		South America		Eliminations and Other			Total
Net sales	$	2,307	$	2,189	$	1,314	$	1,090	$	70		$	6,970
Shipments
Rolled products - third party	740		695		512		331		—			2,278
Rolled products - intersegment	1		13		4		18		(36		)	—
Total rolled products	741		708		516		349		(36		)	2,278
Non-rolled products	3		6		6		61		—			76
Total shipments	744		714		522		410		(36		)	2,354

The following table reconciles changes in “Segment income” for the nine months ended December 31, 2016 to the nine months ended December 31, 2017 (in millions).



Changes in Segment income	North America			Europe			Asia			South America			Eliminations (A)			Total
Segment income - Nine Months Ended December 31, 2016 (B)	$	276		$	150		$	132		$	236		$	—		$	794
Volume	80			(14		)	25			44			(14		)	121
Conversion premium and product mix	8			12			(27		)	(25		)	10			(22		)
Conversion costs (C)	(7		)	10			2			17			3			25
Foreign exchange	2			14			(2		)	(4		)	—			10
Selling, general & administrative and research & development costs (D)	(21		)	(13		)	(4		)	(17		)	(5		)	(60		)
Other changes (E)	13			(1		)	(2		)	18			—			28
Segment income - Nine Months Ended December 31, 2017	$	351		$	158		$	124		$	269		$	(6	)	$	896

_________________________

(A)

The recognition of "Segment income" by a region on an intersegment shipment could occur in a period prior to the recognition of "Segment income" on a consolidated basis, depending on the timing of when the inventory is sold to the third party customer. The "Eliminations" column adjusts regional "Segment income" for intersegment shipments that occur in a period prior to recognition of "Segment income" on a consolidated basis. The "Eliminations" column also reflects adjustments for changes in regional volume, conversion premium and product mix, and conversion costs related to intersegment shipments for consolidation.


(B)	Effective in the first quarter of fiscal 2018, management removed the impact of metal price lag from Segment Income in order to enhance the visibility of the underlying operating performance of the Company. This change does not impact our condensed consolidated financial statements. Segment information for prior periods presented has been updated to reflect this change.


(C)	Conversion costs include expenses incurred in production such as direct and indirect labor, energy, freight, scrap usage, alloys and hardeners, coatings, alumina, melt loss, the benefit of utilizing scrap and other metal costs. Fluctuations in this component reflect cost efficiencies (inefficiencies) during the period as well as cost (inflation) deflation.


(D)	Selling, general & administrative costs and research & development costs include costs incurred directly by each segment and all corporate related costs.


(E)	The State of Espirito Santo grants an indirect tax incentive (ICMS) for companies who fulfill certain requirements. According to this incentive, the Company can recognize a presumed ICMS credit, thus reducing the amounts due to the State. The mentioned incentive is recorded in our consolidated results of operations.

North America

“Net sales” increased $588 million, or 25%, primarily due to higher average aluminum prices and higher can and automotive shipments.

“Segment income” was $351 million, an increase of 27%, primarily due to higher automotive and can volumes and favorable product mix as a result of automotive growth. These positive factors were partially offset by cost inflation and unfavorable selling, general, and administrative costs resulting from increased factoring costs.

Europe

“Net sales” increased $330 million or 15%, primarily due to higher average aluminum prices and higher automotive shipments; partially offset by lower can and specialty shipments.

“Segment income” was $158 million, an increase of 5%, primarily due to favorable foreign currency impact and favorable product mix as a result of our portfolio optimization efforts, higher automotive volumes and favorable cost absorption. These positive factors were partially offset by lower can and specialties volumes, and higher selling, general and administrative costs.

Asia

“Net sales” increased $251 million, or 19%, due to higher average aluminum prices and higher can and automotive shipments; partially offset by lower can pricing and lower specialties shipments.

“Segment income” was $124 million, a decrease of 6%, primarily due to lower can pricing and lower specialties volumes. These negative factors were partially offset by increased can and automotive volumes, and favorable automotive mix.

South America

“Net sales” increased $320 million, or 29%, due to higher average aluminum prices and higher specialties and can shipments; partially offset by unfavorable mix within specialties products and lower can pricing.

“Segment income” was $269 million, an increase of 14%, primarily due to higher can and specialties volumes and lower metal input costs. These positive factors were partially offset by unfavorable price and product mix and higher selling, general and administrative costs.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our significant investments in the business were funded through cash flows generated by our operations and a

combination of local financing and our senior secured credit facilities. Our expansion projects are currently generating additional operating cash flows. We have the ability to fund our potential expansions, service our debt obligations, and provide sufficient liquidity to operate our business through one or more of the following: the generation of operating cash flows; our existing debt facilities, including refinancing; and new debt issuances, as necessary.

Debt Refinancing

For more information on our most recent debt refinancing activities, please refer to Note 6 - Debt.

As of December 31, 2017, the Company’s subsidiaries that are not guarantors represented the following approximate percentages of (a) net sales, (b) Adjusted EBITDA, and (c) total assets of the Company, on a consolidated basis (including intercompany balances):



Item Description	Ratio
Consolidated net sales represented by net sales to third parties by non-guarantor subsidiaries (for the nine months ended December 31, 2017)	22	%
Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA represented by non-guarantor subsidiaries (for the nine months ended December 31, 2017)	16	%
Consolidated assets owned by non-guarantor subsidiaries (as of December 31, 2017)	19	%

In addition, for the nine months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company’s subsidiaries that are not guarantors had net sales of $2.1 billion and $1.7 billion, respectively, and, as of December 31, 2017, those subsidiaries had assets of $2.3 billion and debt and other liabilities of $1.6 billion (including inter-company balances).

Available Liquidity

Our available liquidity as of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2017 is as follows (in millions):



	December 31, 2017		March 31, 2017
Cash and cash equivalents	$	757	$	594
Availability under committed credit facilities	967		701
Total liquidity	$	1,724	$	1,295

We reported liquidity of $1.7 billion as of December 31, 2017, which represents an increase compared to $1.3 billion reported as of March 31, 2017. The increase is primarily attributable to $314 million in proceeds from the sale of shares in UAL and other assets, an increase in the ABL borrowing base of $178 million, and positive free cash flow of $103 million. These increases were partially offset by net payments on short-term and long-term borrowings of $162 million, a reduction in availability of credit facilities of $34 million, and other changes of $40 million. As of December 31, 2017, our availability under committed credit facilities of $967 million was comprised of $739 million under our ABL Revolver and $228 million under our Korea, China, and Middle East loan facilities.

The “Cash and cash equivalents” balance above includes cash held in foreign countries in which we operate. As of December 31, 2017, we held $2 million of "Cash and cash equivalents" in Canada, where we are incorporated, with the rest held in other countries in which we operate. As of December 31, 2017, we held $356 million of cash in jurisdictions for which we have asserted that earnings are indefinitely reinvested and we plan to continue to fund operations and local expansions with cash held in those jurisdictions. Our significant future uses of cash include funding our expansion projects globally, which we plan to fund with cash flows from operating activities and local financing, and servicing our debt obligations domestically, which we plan to fund with cash flows from operating activities and, if necessary, by repatriating cash from jurisdictions for which we have not asserted that earnings are indefinitely reinvested. Cash held outside of Canada is free from significant restrictions that would prevent the cash from being accessed to meet the Company's liquidity needs including, if necessary, to fund operations and service debt obligations in Canada. Upon the repatriation of any earnings to Canada, in the form of dividends or otherwise, we could be subject to Canadian income taxes (subject to adjustment for foreign taxes paid and the utilization of the large cumulative net operating losses we have in Canada) and withholding taxes payable to the various foreign jurisdictions. As of December 31, 2017, we do not believe adverse tax consequences exist that restrict our use of “Cash or cash equivalents” in a material manner.

Free Cash Flow

We define “Free cash flow” (which is a non-GAAP measure) as: (a) “net cash provided by (used in) operating activities,” (b) plus "net cash provided by (used in) investing activities” and (c) less “proceeds from sales of assets, net of transaction fees, cash income taxes and hedging.” Management believes “Free cash flow” is relevant to investors as it provides a measure of the cash generated internally that is available for debt service and other value creation opportunities. However, “Free cash flow” does not necessarily represent cash available for discretionary activities, as certain debt service obligations must be funded out of “Free cash flow.” Our method of calculating “Free cash flow” may not be consistent with that of other companies.

Effective in the second quarter of fiscal 2018, management clarified the definition of “Free cash flow” (a non-GAAP measure) to reduce "Proceeds on the sale of assets, net of transaction fees and hedging" by cash income taxes to further enable users of the financial statements to understand cash generated internally by the Company. This change does not impact the condensed consolidated financial statements or significantly impact prior periods.

The following table shows “Free cash flow” for the nine months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, the change between periods, and the ending balances of cash and cash equivalents (in millions).



	Nine Months Ended December 31,
	2017			2016			Change
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	237		$	151		$	86
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	170			(122		)	292
Less: Proceeds from the sale of a business, net of transaction fees, cash income taxes and hedging (A)	(304		)	—			(304		)
Free cash flow	$	103		$	29		$	74
Ending cash and cash equivalents	$	757		$	505		$	252

_________________________

(A)

This line item includes the proceeds from the sale of shares in Ulsan Aluminum Ltd., to Kobe Steel Ltd. during the three months ended December 31, 2017 in the amount of $314 million. This line item also includes "Outflows from the sale of a business, net of transaction fees," which is comprised of cash of $13 million held by ALCOM, which was a consolidated entity sold during the nine months ended September 30, 2016. We expect additional cash taxes and transaction fees related to Ulsan Aluminum Ltd. of approximately $41 million and $2 million, respectively, to be paid during the remainder of fiscal 2018.

Operating Activities

Net cash provided by operating activities was $237 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2017, which was favorable compared to net cash provided by operating activities of $151 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2016. The favorable variance primarily relates to higher "Segment income". The following summarizes changes in working capital accounts (in millions).



	Nine Months Ended December 31,
	2017			2016			Change
Net cash used in operating activities due to changes in working capital:
Accounts receivable	$	(403	)	$	(108	)	$	(295	)
Inventories	(175		)	(200		)	25
Accounts payable	221			59			162
Other current assets and liabilities	36			(58		)	94
Net change in working capital	$	(321	)	$	(307	)	$	(14	)

Nine Months Ended December 31, 2017

"Accounts receivable, net" increased due to the timing of cash collections on certain customer and related party receivables balances coupled with an 33% increase in sales. To manage the timing of cash collections, we determine the need to factor our receivables based on local cash needs including the need to fund our strategic investments, as well as attempting to

balance the timing of cash flows of trade payables and receivables. "Inventories" were higher due to higher quantities on hand and higher average metal costs. The higher quantities of inventory on hand at December 31, 2017 is the result of recent capacity expansions, as well as longer supply chains to support the automotive sector and expand our scrap procurement network. "Accounts payable" increased $221 million in the nine months ended December 31, 2017 due primarily to higher metal input costs.

Included in cash flows from operating activities for the nine months ended December 31, 2017 were $197 million of interest payments, $107 million of cash paid for income taxes, $5 million of payments on restructuring programs, and $73 million of contributions to our pension plans. As of December 31, 2017, we had $36 million of outstanding restructuring liabilities, of which $31 million we estimate will result in cash outflows within the next twelve months.

Nine Months Ended December 31, 2016

"Accounts receivable, net" increased due to the timing of cash collections on certain customer receivables balances offset by 2% lower sales and higher factoring balances. As of December 31, 2016 and March 31, 2016, we had factored, without recourse, certain trade receivables aggregating $846 million and $626 million, respectively, which had a favorable impact to net cash provided by operating activities of $220 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2016. We determine the need to factor our receivables based on local cash needs including the need to fund our strategic investments, as well as attempting to balance the timing of cash flows of trade payables and receivables. "Inventories" were higher due to higher quantities on hand partially offset by lower average metal costs. The higher quantities of inventory on hand at December 31, 2016 is the result of recent capacity expansions, as well as longer supply chains to support the automotive sector and expand our scrap procurement network. As of December 31, 2016, we had sold certain inventories to third parties and have agreed to repurchase the same or similar inventory back from the third parties at market prices subsequent to December 31, 2016. Our estimated repurchase obligation for this inventory as of December 31, 2016 is $16 million, based on market prices as of this date. We sell and repurchase inventory with third parties in an attempt to better manage inventory levels and to better match the purchasing of inventory with the demand for our products. "Accounts payable" increased $59 million in the nine months ended December 31, 2016 due primarily to the timing of payments to vendors.

Included in cash flows from operating activities for the nine months ended December 31, 2016 were $236 million of interest payments, $70 million of cash paid for income taxes, $10 million of payments on restructuring programs, and $48 million of contributions to our pension plans. As of December 31, 2016, we had $23 million of outstanding restructuring liabilities, of which $15 million we estimate will result in cash outflows within the next twelve months. We also expect to incur restructuring charges in future periods as we dismantle the smelter site in South America.

Hedging Activities

We use derivative contracts to manage risk as well as liquidity. Under our terms of credit with counterparties to our derivative contracts, we do not have any material margin call exposure. No material amounts have been posted by Novelis nor do we hold any material amounts of margin posted by our counterparties. We settle derivative contracts in advance of billing on the underlying physical inventory and collecting payment from our customers, which temporarily impacts our liquidity position. The lag between derivative settlement and customer collection typically ranges from 30 to 90 days.

More details on our operating activities can be found above in “Results of operations for the nine months ended December 31, 2017 compared to the nine months ended December 31, 2016."

Investing Activities

The following table presents information regarding our “Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities” (in millions).



	Nine Months Ended December 31,
	2017			2016			Change
Capital expenditures	$	(136	)	$	(138	)	$	2
(Outflows) proceeds from the settlement of derivative instruments, net	(18		)	7			(25		)
Proceeds from sales of assets, third party, net of transaction fees and hedging	1			2			(1		)
Proceeds (outflows) from the sale of a business	314			(2		)	316
Proceeds from investment in and advances to non-consolidated affiliates, net	9			12			(3		)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	$	170		$	(122	)	$	292

For the nine months ended December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, our "Capital expenditures" were primarily attributable to maintenance of existing property, plant, and equipment.

"Proceeds from the sale of a business, net of certain transaction fees" for the nine months ended December 31, 2017 was primarily due to the sale of shares in Ulsan Aluminum Ltd.

As of December 31, 2017, we had $47 million of outstanding accounts payable and accrued liabilities related to capital expenditures in which the cash outflows will occur subsequent to December 31, 2017. We expect capital expenditures for fiscal 2018 to be approximately $250 million.

The settlement of undesignated derivative instruments resulted in cash outflow of $18 million and cash inflow of $7 million, in the nine months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The variance in these cash flows related primarily to changes in average aluminum prices and foreign currency rates which impact gains or losses we realize on the settlement of derivatives.

“Proceeds from investments in and advances to non–consolidated affiliates, net" for nine months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 were primarily comprised of loan repayments and advances made to our non-consolidated affiliate, Alunorf, to fund capital expenditures.

Financing Activities

The following table presents information regarding our “Net cash used in financing activities” (in millions).



	Nine Months Ended December 31,
	2017			2016			Change
Proceeds from issuance of long-term and short-term borrowings	$	—		$	2,770		$	(2,770	)
Principal payments of long-term and short-term borrowings	(138		)	(2,676		)	2,538
Revolving credit facilities and other, net	(140		)	(20		)	(120		)
Debt issuance costs	(5		)	(139		)	134
Net cash used in financing activities	$	(283	)	$	(65	)	$	(218	)

Nine Months Ended December 31, 2017

During the nine months ended December 31, 2017, there were no issuances of long or short-term borrowings. We made principal repayments of $50 million on short-term loans in Brazil, $14 million on our Term Loan Facility, $68 million on Korean long-term debt and $6 million on capital leases. The net cash repayments from our credit facilities balance is related to payments of $119 million on our ABL Revolver and $21 million on our China credit facilities.

Nine Months Ended December 31, 2016

During the nine months ended December 31, 2016, we received proceeds of $1.15 billion and $1.5 billion, related to the issuance of our new 2024 and 2026 Notes, respectively. We also received proceeds related to the issuance of new short term loans in Brazil and Vietnam of $81 million and $40 million, respectively. Additionally, we made principal repayments of $1.1 billion and $1.4 billion on our 2017 Notes and 2020 Notes, respectively, $87 million on short-term loans in Brazil, $49 million on Novelis Vietnam loan repayments, $42 million on Korean loan repayments, $14 million on the Term Loan, $7 million on capital leases and $3 million in other principal repayments. The net cash repayments from our credit facilities balance is related to $12 million net repayments on our Middle East and Africa (MEA) facilities offset by net proceeds of $17 million in our China credit facilities.

As of December 31, 2016, our short-term borrowings were $517 million consisting of $367 million of loans under our ABL Revolver, $71 million in Novelis Brazil loans, $58 million in Novelis China loans, $11 million in Novelis Korea bank loans and $10 million of other short-term borrowings. The weighted average interest rate on our total short-term borrowings was 2.65% as of December 31, 2016.

OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS

In accordance with SEC rules, the following qualify as off-balance sheet arrangements:


•	any obligation under certain derivative instruments;


•	any obligation under certain guarantees or contracts;


•	a retained or contingent interest in assets transferred to an unconsolidated entity or similar entity or similar arrangement that serves as credit, liquidity or market risk support to that entity for such assets; and


•	any obligation under a material variable interest held by the registrant in an unconsolidated entity that provides financing, liquidity, market risk or credit risk support to the registrant, or engages in leasing, hedging or research and development services with the registrant.

The following discussion addresses the applicable off-balance sheet items for our Company.

Derivative Instruments

See Note 10 — Financial Instruments and Commodity Contracts to our accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for a description of derivative instruments.

Guarantees of Indebtedness

We have issued guarantees on behalf of certain of our subsidiaries. The indebtedness guaranteed is for trade accounts payable to third parties. Some of the guarantees have annual terms while others have no expiration and have termination notice requirements. Neither we nor any of our subsidiaries holds any assets of any third parties as collateral to offset the potential settlement of these guarantees. Since we consolidate wholly-owned and majority-owned subsidiaries in our condensed consolidated financial statements, all liabilities associated with trade payables and short-term debt facilities for these entities are already included in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

See Note 5 — Investment in and Advances to Non-Consolidated Affiliates and Related Party Transactions for details on our guarantee of indebtedness to Alunorf, our non-consolidated affiliate.

Other Arrangements

Factoring of Trade Receivables

We factor and forfait trade receivables (collectively, we refer to these as "factoring" programs) based on local cash needs, as well as attempting to balance the timing of cash flows of trade payables and receivables, fund strategic investments, and fund other business needs. Factored invoices are not included in our condensed consolidated balance sheets when we do not retain a financial or legal interest. If a financial or legal interest is retained, we classify these factorings as secured borrowings. However, no such financial or legal interests are currently retained.

Other

As part of our ongoing business, we do not participate in transactions that generate relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, such as entities often referred to as special purpose entities (SPEs), which would have been established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or other contractually narrow or limited purposes. As of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2017, we are not involved in any unconsolidated SPE transactions.

CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS

We have future obligations under various contracts relating to debt and interest payments, capital and operating leases, long-term purchase obligations, postretirement benefit plans and uncertain tax positions. See Note 6 — Debt to our accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements and "Contractual Obligations" in Item 7. See Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2017 for more details.

RETURN OF CAPITAL

Payments to our shareholder are at the discretion of the board of directors and will depend on, among other things, our financial resources, cash flows generated by our business, our cash requirements, restrictions under the instruments governing our indebtedness, being in compliance with the appropriate indentures and covenants under the instruments that govern our indebtedness and other relevant factors.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

During the nine months ended December 31, 2017, there were no significant changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates as reported in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2017.

RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

See Note 1 — Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to our accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements for a full description of recent accounting pronouncements including the respective expected dates of adoption and expected effects on results of operations and financial condition.

NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES

Total “Segment income” presents the sum of the results of our four operating segments on a consolidated basis. We believe that total “Segment income” is an operating performance measure that measures operating results unaffected by differences in capital structures, capital investment cycles and ages of related assets among otherwise comparable companies. In reviewing our corporate operating results, we also believe it is important to review the aggregate consolidated performance of all of our segments on the same basis we review the performance of each of our regions and to draw comparisons between periods based on the same measure of consolidated performance.

Management believes investors’ understanding of our performance is enhanced by including this non-GAAP financial measure as a reasonable basis for comparing our ongoing results of operations. Many investors are interested in understanding the performance of our business by comparing our results from ongoing operations from one period to the next and would ordinarily add back items that are not part of normal day-to-day operations of our business. By providing total “Segment income,” together with reconciliations, we believe we are enhancing investors’ understanding of our business and our results of operations, as well as assisting investors in evaluating how well we are executing strategic initiatives.

However, total “Segment income” is not a measurement of financial performance under U.S. GAAP, and our total “Segment income” may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies. Total “Segment income” has important limitations as an analytical tool and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our results as reported under U.S. GAAP. For example, total “Segment income”:


•	does not reflect the company’s cash expenditures or requirements for capital expenditures or capital commitments;


•	does not reflect changes in, or cash requirements for, the company’s working capital needs; and


•	does not reflect any costs related to the current or future replacement of assets being depreciated and amortized.

We also use total “Segment income”:


•	as a measure of operating performance to assist us in comparing our operating performance on a consistent basis because it removes the impact of items not directly resulting from our core operations;


•	for planning purposes, including the preparation of our internal annual operating budgets and financial projections;


•	to evaluate the performance and effectiveness of our operational strategies; and


•	as a basis to calculate incentive compensation payments for our key employees.

Total “Segment income” is equivalent to our Adjusted EBITDA, which we refer to in our earnings announcements and other external presentations to analysts and investors.

See Liquidity and Capital Resources section for our definition of "Free cash flow".

SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS AND MARKET DATA

This document contains forward-looking statements that are based on current expectations, estimates, forecasts and projections about the industry in which we operate, and beliefs and assumptions made by our management. Such statements include, in particular, statements about our plans, strategies and prospects. Words such as “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe,” “seek,” “estimate” and variations of such words and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. Examples of forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q include, but are not limited to, our expectations with respect to the impact of metal price movements on our financial performance, the effectiveness of our hedging programs and controls, and our future borrowing availability. These statements are based on beliefs and assumptions of Novelis’ management, which in turn are based on currently available information. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve assumptions and risks and uncertainties that are difficult to predict. Therefore, actual outcomes and results may differ materially from what is expressed, implied or forecasted in such forward-looking statements. We do not intend, and we disclaim any obligation, to update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

This document also contains information concerning our markets and products generally, which is forward-looking in nature and is based on a variety of assumptions regarding the ways in which these markets and product categories will develop. These assumptions have been derived from information currently available to us and to the third party industry analysts quoted herein. This information includes, but is not limited to, product shipments and share of production. Actual market results may differ from those predicted. We do not know what impact any of these differences may have on our business, our results of operations, financial condition, and cash flow. Factors that could cause actual results or outcomes to differ from the results expressed or implied by forward-looking statements include, among other things:


•	relationships with, and financial and operating conditions of, our customers, suppliers and other stakeholders;


•	changes in the prices and availability of aluminum (or premiums associated with aluminum prices) or other materials and raw materials we use;


•	fluctuations in the supply of, and prices for, energy in the areas in which we maintain production facilities;


•	our ability to access financing, repay existing debt or refinance existing debt to fund current operations and for future capital requirements;


•	the level of our indebtedness and our ability to generate cash to service our indebtedness;


•	lowering of our ratings by a credit rating agency;


•	changes in the relative values of various currencies and the effectiveness of our currency hedging activities;


•	union disputes and other employee relations issues;


•	factors affecting our operations, such as litigation (including product liability claims), environmental remediation and clean-up costs, breakdown of equipment and other events;


•	changes in general economic conditions, including deterioration in the global economy;


•	the capacity and effectiveness of our hedging activities;


•	impairment of our goodwill, other intangible assets, and long-lived assets;


•	loss of key management and other personnel, or an inability to attract such management and other personnel;


•	risks relating to future acquisitions or divestitures;


•	our inability to successfully implement our growth initiatives;


•	changes in interest rates that have the effect of increasing the amounts we pay under our senior secured credit facilities, other financing agreements and our defined benefit pension plans;


•	risks relating to certain joint ventures and subsidiaries that we do not entirely control;


•	the effect of derivatives legislation on our ability to hedge risks associated with our business;


•	competition from other aluminum rolled products producers as well as from substitute materials such as steel, glass, plastic and composite materials;


•	demand and pricing within the principal markets for our products as well as seasonality in certain of our customers’ industries;


•	economic, regulatory and political factors within the countries in which we operate or sell our products, including changes in duties or tariffs; and


•	changes in government regulations, particularly those affecting taxes and tax rates, health care reform, climate change, environmental, health or safety compliance.

The above list of factors is not exhaustive. These and other factors are discussed in more detail under “Item 1A. Risk Factors” and “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2017.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

We are exposed to certain market risks as part of our ongoing business operations, including risks from changes in commodity prices (primarily the London Metals Exchange ("LME") aluminum prices and natural gas), local market premiums, electricity rates, foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates that could impact our results of operations and financial condition. We manage our exposure to these and other market risks through regular operating and financing activities and derivative financial instruments. We use derivative financial instruments as risk management tools only, and not for speculative purposes.

Commodity Price Risks

Aluminum

The following table presents the estimated potential effect on the fair values of these derivative instruments as of December 31, 2017, given a 10% increase in prices ($ in millions).

Energy

The following table presents the estimated potential effect on the fair values of these derivative instruments as of December 31, 2017, given a 10% decline in spot prices for energy contracts ($ in millions).



	Change in Price		Change in Fair Value
Electricity	(10	)%	$	(4	)
Natural Gas	(10	)%	(6		)
Diesel Fuel	(10	)%	(1		)

Foreign Currency Exchange Risks

The following table presents the estimated potential effect on the fair values of these derivative instruments as of December 31, 2017, given a 10% change in rates ($ in millions).



	Change in Exchange Rate		Change in Fair Value
Currency measured against the U.S. dollar
Brazilian real	(10	)%	$	(22	)
Euro	10	%	(39		)
Korean won	(10	)%	(31		)
Canadian dollar	(10	)%	(4		)
British pound	(10	)%	(19		)
Swiss franc	(10	)%	(40		)
Chinese yuan	10	%	(8		)

Interest Rate Risks

The following table presents the estimated potential effect on the fair values of these derivative instruments as of December 31, 2017, given a 100 bps decrease in the benchmark interest rate ($ in millions).



	Change in Rate				Change in Fair Value
Interest Rate Contracts
Asia - KRW-CD-3200	(100	)	bps	—	$	—

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, include controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including the Principal Executive Officer and the Principal Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Any system of controls, however well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, and not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the system are met.

We have carried out an evaluation, with the participation of our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rule 13a-15 of the Exchange Act. Based upon such evaluation, management has concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2017.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the most recently completed fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

We are a party to litigation incidental to our business from time to time. For additional information regarding litigation to which we are a party, see Note 15 — Commitments and Contingencies to our accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

See "Risk Factors" in Part I, Item 1A in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2017.

Item 6. Exhibits



Exhibit No.			Description

2.1			Arrangement Agreement by and among Hindalco Industries Limited, AV Aluminum Inc. and Novelis Inc., dated as of February 10, 2007 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 13, 2007) (File No. 001-32312))

3.1			Restated Certificate and Articles of Amalgamation of Novelis Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on November 10, 2010 (File No. 001-32312))

3.2			Certificate and Articles of Amalgamation of Novelis Inc., dated March 31, 2016 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on May 10, 2016 (File No. 001-32312))

3.3			Novelis Inc. Amended and Restated Bylaws, adopted as of July 24, 2008 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 25, 2008 (File No. 001-32312))

31.1			Section 302 Certification of Principal Executive Officer

31.2			Section 302 Certification of Principal Financial Officer

32.1			Section 906 Certification of Principal Executive Officer

32.2			Section 906 Certification of Principal Financial Officer

101.INS			XBRL Instance Document

101.SCH			XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

101.CAL			XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase

101.DEF			XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase

101.LAB			XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase

101.PRE			XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.



	NOVELIS INC.
	By:		/s/ Devinder Ahuja
			Devinder Ahuja
			Chief Financial Officer
			(Principal Financial Officer and Authorized Officer)

	By:		/s/ Stephanie Rauls
			Stephanie Rauls
			Vice President Finance and Controller
			(Principal Accounting Officer)

Date: February 1, 2018

EXHIBIT INDEX



Exhibit No.			Description

2.1			Arrangement Agreement by and among Hindalco Industries Limited, AV Aluminum Inc. and Novelis Inc., dated as of February 10, 2007 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 13, 2007) (File No. 001-32312))

3.1			Restated Certificate and Articles of Amalgamation of Novelis Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on November 10, 2010 (File No. 001-32312))

3.2			Certificate and Articles of Amalgamation of Novelis Inc., dated March 31, 2016 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on May 10, 2016 (File No. 001-32312))

3.3			Novelis Inc. Amended and Restated Bylaws, adopted as of July 24, 2008 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 25, 2008 (File No. 001-32312))

31.1			Section 302 Certification of Principal Executive Officer

31.2			Section 302 Certification of Principal Financial Officer

32.1			Section 906 Certification of Principal Executive Officer

32.2			Section 906 Certification of Principal Financial Officer

101.INS			XBRL Instance Document

101.SCH			XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

101.CAL			XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase

101.DEF			XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase

101.LAB			XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase

101.PRE			XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase

Change in
Price

Change in
Fair Value

LME aluminum